Tax Class

Bobby Dexter on Medical Expense Deductions

Just like taxes, medical expenses are inevitable in life. However, not all medical expenses are deductible. Section 213 allows taxpayers to deduct the portion of medical care expenses that are over 7.5 percent of the adjusted gross income as a part of the itemized deduction. This complicated statutory design hinges upon the definition of “medical care.”  In this episode, Professor Bobby Dexter uses case law to illustrate the problems arising from the seemingly simple definition in section 213.  Aside from the policy debates, these problems also reflect the definitional issues that exist in many areas of tax law.  Professor Dexter is a professor of law at Chapman University’s Dale E. Fowler School of Law.   Tax Class is hosted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3lyW98vm7L5c47nkW8w1VT22vxgvMW3LC-Bh124YWTW98smrC5vfgL_W6MXVFC2d53M0W5N9zdH22DhBsW5jjz8r1q9L24W7D9q4v35g_NWW4Zh35n6ZSKv9W1nnQdT8NZDm-W3CWGSV2WBYq1W5zcWWw2y97v8W3fpmND3V_6Q8W6bVkJn2lxsS4N3ywsTlY1Qh_W2_W8gm6N_xbtW4NpN664MfzC-W98hwhc2fYJWfW6k0fLD5WC2WWW22zwrX10qQxHW7g2HTy18p390VwBjkN6h25XJf4xCdKd04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUwJMU7mg$]⁠⁠⁠Ben Leff⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.american.edu/wcl/faculty/bleff.cfm]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3npW3qWYSd4mJ6NXW1Kf3SY5WsLRYW92QfbF70krTJW1P3Ym94RQ44-W7C4gRJ2dW6PhW8pHDlm3JJ3_SW5Cy5MR5PfqnbW534yS52SHgRTV5qg6p7SfkkNW6pz-kf4BWS-HW48bDCV6HggbGW3jBfNV81hhFLN6tB2BMNPTV_N5yc4ry382nbW8lWJNQ3f1b1vW5x1KVW5PW2K5W5MQf8s5WvBRmW4PWm5J7xPQk3W77qvjw6Ks4P6W2409Ls2vn9hjW9cFFLB3YPHSxN4lbMwb2jWbzf6_Wsd804__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUtZUYYVY$] and produced by Tony Xu. The theme music is by Doo Dah Music. None of the information presented in this podcast constitutes legal advice. Consult an attorney or a tax professional for guidance. IN THIS EPISODE ·      IRC § 213 ·      Rev. Rul. 2003-57 [https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rr-03-57.pdf] ·      PLR 200318017 [https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-wd/0318017.pdf] ·      Magdalin v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2008-293 [https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dawson.ustaxcourt.gov-documents-prod-us-east-1/07195293-7fdd-4941-a251-89ed2512a797?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6IROMRYRKJ4G5N5H%2F20241124%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241124T181559Z&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFoaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQCoT7vUCVc9hEil42YRn0mAGpOK4IcwhSkgnJwWKwG%2BEAIgWiT7qKO5ww%2BF%2Fkb1jKTPwftTOeQgF8p8vqx1RY89HhkqhQMI8v%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARABGgw5ODA0MjM1NzcxMjIiDHO3qOaiPWQntGyMVyrZArFCx8cPMUcE%2BHBGC451mah%2FKG0xlKcyDNxW3uauHuEsPVU0kPbu9e9CjjQStwH8YFFRt3uUYhv1QE0CIBIlO7hd%2FL%2FqgRE5DVMKREejdeVqlL2CtlfJIoz7Y2Td9UeKE2G%2FIqVmeS%2Fa16UExPo%2BZXrnPWSXhLodDPUp3wMPf1CLHtmdkd9I0M%2FxeJ0vpMK7ZfZchOj7afr9AGGvLUumGh6C5Q3EjFBoCsZ3Ne%2BXcPGsQAYZ6PBTIJJl2Frm62W5NVnCir9birkbTdMbt%2BmQKUwJVvoMlABQfiYn8KPFwhgx50ZEgxJVs4YmIYzH5y3%2BtPEXMswE0IL80tXCzceP5vgIE9E0w2OhQmK7a6Ni3ZGPco%2Fpz2nsJn9WxluhdWy2xX4jl2PbHTa3izu8Wh0dKslsBN3u1bx3VQCEJU%2FXXzWGbSO%2FJanHkO%2BewdKND8U56wllKevDOEy%2BSzDSu426BjqeASrNb8XjtizwtK35KlPvWu13uGdtEwgDMvTa0ykVL6YBbnnJlWjRm0mzGwviDX6wj6H3r8aTQRREnGEcpDglYIiuJyNeSvCOe5gDEzKhRGz6LIjJKEMSx9K3UaIMsL52l0PDmf5ebStjrxvv2XIvA8l4YFupu0riUNZoIrl8HuqFj8vhNwpbn0cUYXv7g%2FbYwyHlpYYCi6QBvCnnPAr9&X-Amz-Signature=04cc78ef555f3e979983552f6b9b4a120f0f86eed68da34039ae0d93583727e5&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-id=GetObject], aff’d, No. 09-1153, 2009 WL 5557509 (1st Cir. Dec. 17, 2009) ·      O’Donnabhain v. Commissioner, 134 T.C. 34 [https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dawson.ustaxcourt.gov-documents-prod-us-east-1/257e4ac0-dc2e-469a-a900-fc97ccd7f1b3?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6IROMRYRLWA7ZC2F%2F20241124%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241124T181928Z&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFoaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIHLAJkZvBQQedepqDZ789TD0uxxXZrkfhsRgxGoerFyBAiEAnAssxHj9ovNJXcWlTE%2F2KvrIphCowzJ8REdmFBcb62MqhQMI8%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARABGgw5ODA0MjM1NzcxMjIiDJ97yoVjBdiPt%2B42jirZAj2rzHzB1LOLh0NGBTRkSAqN5EZ2fdPDj5abc3PGB%2B8I3eCi9o2YVukxDSYHFdy5uWfiZHCjMdFZq7mgi3aRmSswLw3%2BqTIWzIf%2Fx%2F6YIKINXTR6rD%2Btj%2F3jBLHEKAB4ScfcEyfIfqgTGZZDn%2Fe8gNyYzeecUdhdS5%2BR4Zaphs%2Fmzx4peIlod3Dh18pMWbyT9Ddypari5EPLvS9r014QZxomRnfkWV2Vjgtj12BHz4aqOsmj2rIG%2FvPIai7jXBX9LaUZ7rds8XqlprrPdqrRgizidXc5Nim%2FZiP%2BO%2BlJFxwg04qijyxYA46%2B2%2FSP4BzyqrKGZqZ5gTcyl%2BQshE%2B%2FXlpfxqWNoaX4wIdXvv3Siti%2BQYQDNr4tyAwNoLgcfIqE2Iu2%2BGmejcUioBxgdYLQPJ5yBPU0U0IEL5J18rhNONv%2Bt7DqZjf3FbhzImHV3ok5oQfAXtvBcjclXDCaz426BjqeATW2miR9e%2FrFwNmG6YEM6FXS4bQT3t%2Bh%2FKydSA8Q67Phd2a9r%2B%2BhX62CRYoQq9oWJtysCLC8NkQXFByGqfXISUj8C12ugOSsjTVLrFbKjoDejrfx2PKXN3OvvkirMztuACgbwG7h%2FFkPYHuf1n9Zfehnes4fSTuSNB%2FMwFVJvQFGTTzmcc6Reoncoc3qK7OMVnfklXRV2BUB3YuIfwUy&X-Amz-Signature=b45db30fa9372fc52eab8a0d3e435a9a15adb3ea7b0f244e20469c2a9331e29b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-id=GetObject] (2010)

Brian Galle on Deductions for Charitable Contribution and More

Almost everybody knows about the deduction for charitable contributions. But very few students come to tax class knowing much about how it works or having considered why it might be complicated. And yet, the sheer length of section 170 hints at its complexity. In this episode, Professor Brian Galle discusses three mechanics of the rules: the overall cap on deductible contributions, the interaction of the deduction with realization rules, and the requirement to exclude any benefits received from the amount given. Professor Galle also explores the underlying tax policy considerations and illustrates the practical effects of these mechanical rules. Professor Galle is the Agnes Williams Sesquicentennial Professor of Tax Policy at Georgetown University Law Center. Tax Class is hosted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3lyW98vm7L5c47nkW8w1VT22vxgvMW3LC-Bh124YWTW98smrC5vfgL_W6MXVFC2d53M0W5N9zdH22DhBsW5jjz8r1q9L24W7D9q4v35g_NWW4Zh35n6ZSKv9W1nnQdT8NZDm-W3CWGSV2WBYq1W5zcWWw2y97v8W3fpmND3V_6Q8W6bVkJn2lxsS4N3ywsTlY1Qh_W2_W8gm6N_xbtW4NpN664MfzC-W98hwhc2fYJWfW6k0fLD5WC2WWW22zwrX10qQxHW7g2HTy18p390VwBjkN6h25XJf4xCdKd04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUwJMU7mg$]⁠⁠⁠Ben Leff⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.american.edu/wcl/faculty/bleff.cfm]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3npW3qWYSd4mJ6NXW1Kf3SY5WsLRYW92QfbF70krTJW1P3Ym94RQ44-W7C4gRJ2dW6PhW8pHDlm3JJ3_SW5Cy5MR5PfqnbW534yS52SHgRTV5qg6p7SfkkNW6pz-kf4BWS-HW48bDCV6HggbGW3jBfNV81hhFLN6tB2BMNPTV_N5yc4ry382nbW8lWJNQ3f1b1vW5x1KVW5PW2K5W5MQf8s5WvBRmW4PWm5J7xPQk3W77qvjw6Ks4P6W2409Ls2vn9hjW9cFFLB3YPHSxN4lbMwb2jWbzf6_Wsd804__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUtZUYYVY$] and produced by Tony Xu. The theme music is by Doo Dah Music. None of the information presented in this podcast constitutes legal advice. Consult an attorney or a tax professional for guidance. IN THIS EPISODE ·      IRC § 170 ·      Treas. Reg. § 1.170A-1 ·      Lary v. United States, 787 F.2d 1538 [https://casetext.com/case/lary-v-united-states-2] (11th Cir. 1986) ·      Rolfs v. Commissioner, 668 F.3d 888 [https://casetext.com/case/rolfs-v-commr-of-internal-revenue] (7th Cir. 2012) ·      Hernandez v. Commissioner, 490 U.S. 680 [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep490/usrep490680/usrep490680.pdf] (1989)

Steven Dean on Business Deductions and Racial Disparities

What can you write off as a business expense? At the most general level, section 162 says “all the ordinary and necessary expenses” for the trade or business, as long as they are not disallowed elsewhere in the Code. But what is “ordinary” and what is “necessary”? Professor Steven Dean points out that the “ordinary” requirement, by definition, favors the common practice and, therefore, disfavors the minority. What may seem merely surprising (or even shocking in some cases) may also reveal systemic privilege or even racism.  As a casebook author himself, Professor Dean believes that its important for legal educators to provide relevant context, including about race, for students to draw their own conclusions. Professor Dean is a professor of law and the Paul Siskind Research Scholar at Boston University School of Law. Tax Class is hosted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3lyW98vm7L5c47nkW8w1VT22vxgvMW3LC-Bh124YWTW98smrC5vfgL_W6MXVFC2d53M0W5N9zdH22DhBsW5jjz8r1q9L24W7D9q4v35g_NWW4Zh35n6ZSKv9W1nnQdT8NZDm-W3CWGSV2WBYq1W5zcWWw2y97v8W3fpmND3V_6Q8W6bVkJn2lxsS4N3ywsTlY1Qh_W2_W8gm6N_xbtW4NpN664MfzC-W98hwhc2fYJWfW6k0fLD5WC2WWW22zwrX10qQxHW7g2HTy18p390VwBjkN6h25XJf4xCdKd04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUwJMU7mg$]⁠⁠⁠Ben Leff⁠⁠⁠ [https://www.american.edu/wcl/faculty/bleff.cfm]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3npW3qWYSd4mJ6NXW1Kf3SY5WsLRYW92QfbF70krTJW1P3Ym94RQ44-W7C4gRJ2dW6PhW8pHDlm3JJ3_SW5Cy5MR5PfqnbW534yS52SHgRTV5qg6p7SfkkNW6pz-kf4BWS-HW48bDCV6HggbGW3jBfNV81hhFLN6tB2BMNPTV_N5yc4ry382nbW8lWJNQ3f1b1vW5x1KVW5PW2K5W5MQf8s5WvBRmW4PWm5J7xPQk3W77qvjw6Ks4P6W2409Ls2vn9hjW9cFFLB3YPHSxN4lbMwb2jWbzf6_Wsd804__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUtZUYYVY$] and produced by Tony Xu. The theme music is by Doo Dah Music. None of the information presented in this podcast constitutes legal advice. Consult an attorney or a tax professional for guidance. _______________________________ IN THIS EPISODE ·       IRC §§ 162(c), (f), (g); 280E ·       Kopp’s Company, Inc. v. United States, 636 F.2d 59 [https://casetext.com/case/kopps-co-inc-v-united-states] (4th Cir. 1980) ·       Cavanaugh v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2012-324 [https://casetext.com/case/cavanaugh-v-commr] ·       Gilliam v. Commissioner, 51 T.C.M. 515 [https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/ustc/4986-79/4986-79.html] (1986) ·       Dancer v. Commissioner, 73 T.C. 1103 [https://casetext.com/case/dancer-v-commr-of-internal-revenue] (1980)

John Brooks on Realization of Income

As highlighted in previous episodes, the Internal Revenue Code provides a long list of transactions that are or are not income. The Code itself does not define what constitutes income. This conceptual question matters not only to income tax calculation, but also to Congress's power to impose an income tax under the Sixteenth Amendment. The definition of income—particularly, whether "realization" is a necessary element—has troubled courts for almost as long as the income tax has existed in the U.S. Just this past term, the Supreme Court wrestled with this question once again in Moore v. United States [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFF3m2ndW7lCdLW6lZ3n_W1f9cz657W3NpW7tCkj86Zd3xsW7GvNLk8pR3_vW1Z56xC40l_08W8Jrh5y48Hs6DW3RZsrK7grRXBW4Wtz3s65qCJLW46h0Xm7KM7z5W3cqXn76-p5nFW4yrmPJ3jBb5fW6GYVV63-734BW2DVwtQ1FN-kZW5z6mBz8z-4fkW2M5DJx3qvx-cVcCX8-5lGNbkN6m6RJGwdFT2MlYsHvX74dXW3q2W9q8MHqBVW8qttjX4nnP4_W4Jw6C322qbqdW5vwgm-3ZppqhW3JgrWb4q2sRzN4BvCg_C7pwqW1D6Y2N1b9Thcf1ss_F004]. In this episode, Professor John (Jake) Brooks takes a deep dive into the case laws on this particular question. This episode was recorded prior to the Supreme Court's opinion in Moore—a case for which Professor Brooks co-authored an  [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqDM5kBVqW5BWr2F6lZ3nVVT5BJm6gLLfxW7pt8jx2_jvQQW7m7swn5JPMkjW7TLx5G6JvzzVW8tKRjC8cMPZDW67WXtw6XY0-YF9dGk16fVmPW8SX8yX60zkr2W5KNhjc5kPhLSW37fSCP17kYk9N8TlQvN5rV3VVkY6p08kxS3TW71N1p-5s3xh5MDz5_4BJ1BCW3x3f9V1xchVYW7yNJbm4rlWfRW16FFxN7l0pVpW8NQ5zQ2_L267W13sLkK87Zrw7W6p_nnv7bsN46W7BdTZ_5P0Y9wN1tv3mswt0WxW69Jdgl8xWVCLW2b05YN8V9YKYW6C_nsd6TJ1xMW905nDC6N85zKW3pq5878kKXN_W1WGdFN8qLl3_W25GDmK56572sN3mvT0LhCwLnW6qd8gQ4XN_R3W92hJFw69lG-vVQ_6Nd5YtfcMW28X6Q84BnKW0f7-M85Y04]amici curiae [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqDM5kBVqW5BWr2F6lZ3nVVT5BJm6gLLfxW7pt8jx2_jvQQW7m7swn5JPMkjW7TLx5G6JvzzVW8tKRjC8cMPZDW67WXtw6XY0-YF9dGk16fVmPW8SX8yX60zkr2W5KNhjc5kPhLSW37fSCP17kYk9N8TlQvN5rV3VVkY6p08kxS3TW71N1p-5s3xh5MDz5_4BJ1BCW3x3f9V1xchVYW7yNJbm4rlWfRW16FFxN7l0pVpW8NQ5zQ2_L267W13sLkK87Zrw7W6p_nnv7bsN46W7BdTZ_5P0Y9wN1tv3mswt0WxW69Jdgl8xWVCLW2b05YN8V9YKYW6C_nsd6TJ1xMW905nDC6N85zKW3pq5878kKXN_W1WGdFN8qLl3_W25GDmK56572sN3mvT0LhCwLnW6qd8gQ4XN_R3W92hJFw69lG-vVQ_6Nd5YtfcMW28X6Q84BnKW0f7-M85Y04] brief [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqDM5kBVqW5BWr2F6lZ3nVVT5BJm6gLLfxW7pt8jx2_jvQQW7m7swn5JPMkjW7TLx5G6JvzzVW8tKRjC8cMPZDW67WXtw6XY0-YF9dGk16fVmPW8SX8yX60zkr2W5KNhjc5kPhLSW37fSCP17kYk9N8TlQvN5rV3VVkY6p08kxS3TW71N1p-5s3xh5MDz5_4BJ1BCW3x3f9V1xchVYW7yNJbm4rlWfRW16FFxN7l0pVpW8NQ5zQ2_L267W13sLkK87Zrw7W6p_nnv7bsN46W7BdTZ_5P0Y9wN1tv3mswt0WxW69Jdgl8xWVCLW2b05YN8V9YKYW6C_nsd6TJ1xMW905nDC6N85zKW3pq5878kKXN_W1WGdFN8qLl3_W25GDmK56572sN3mvT0LhCwLnW6qd8gQ4XN_R3W92hJFw69lG-vVQ_6Nd5YtfcMW28X6Q84BnKW0f7-M85Y04]. Professor Brooks is a professor of law at Fordham University School of Law.  Tax Class is hosted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFl3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3kyW4Rk4SJ285v0tW5wVJWB6mT0JfN9dK69-4nVV7W13NFvG3WHQKQW4hskg_2YJSBFW84R4gq3PqC-yVj-3FG3cywyDMwrX4F4wl27W1Xl4YF99xfhqW1-T_9s1b43vyN94kcPrHx1KBW8F28Ld88D4qrW3bk2_z4RqwltW4pq8Kt4M3FJSW2KPYks45Wdh8W83g8HC44JsvbW5QcqHX8z0H4dW6rSYf-2xskhXW2JWCvx63lswGW7kXc5m1cMrpHW7mmV-05FwTJxW1B6zZF6SjcqJf9gRdlH04]⁠⁠ [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFl3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3p5W1ZxMhf2FJWRXW8WzlTd3QNTVfW7TtMJZ56SmTjW60-FCx93ZXdjW7F6tJ214TxQvW28Y5GX9g7CnfW2yHV1r5xM0HBW56QPJQ96WpXTW4Bm-m89686_KVRLyqH4wW9nkW8bnpXX6hLn3NW7p4-kv6ZjB_WW8qjvHX4V0FwQW3Nf85_2g5_tGW8gdbgD86pvj2N8PBpx_mMVYjW5Yd7vl36TMjxW1-Wv8J1HThZQVV2c4p4JcJcPW6MXQGH6F6JM3W1P_QWB6Q5ts1W52Sw-r3bxx_hf1ct9ml04]Ben Leff [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFl3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3p5W1ZxMhf2FJWRXW8WzlTd3QNTVfW7TtMJZ56SmTjW60-FCx93ZXdjW7F6tJ214TxQvW28Y5GX9g7CnfW2yHV1r5xM0HBW56QPJQ96WpXTW4Bm-m89686_KVRLyqH4wW9nkW8bnpXX6hLn3NW7p4-kv6ZjB_WW8qjvHX4V0FwQW3Nf85_2g5_tGW8gdbgD86pvj2N8PBpx_mMVYjW5Yd7vl36TMjxW1-Wv8J1HThZQVV2c4p4JcJcPW6MXQGH6F6JM3W1P_QWB6Q5ts1W52Sw-r3bxx_hf1ct9ml04]⁠⁠ [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFl3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3p5W1ZxMhf2FJWRXW8WzlTd3QNTVfW7TtMJZ56SmTjW60-FCx93ZXdjW7F6tJ214TxQvW28Y5GX9g7CnfW2yHV1r5xM0HBW56QPJQ96WpXTW4Bm-m89686_KVRLyqH4wW9nkW8bnpXX6hLn3NW7p4-kv6ZjB_WW8qjvHX4V0FwQW3Nf85_2g5_tGW8gdbgD86pvj2N8PBpx_mMVYjW5Yd7vl36TMjxW1-Wv8J1HThZQVV2c4p4JcJcPW6MXQGH6F6JM3W1P_QWB6Q5ts1W52Sw-r3bxx_hf1ct9ml04]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6+113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFl3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3p3VR-D4y21V6CHW3NpRbd3r79_NM9hC_Fj8z4-W9j3_SC3_2SCBW8C_gP55ftj_sW2y0QhH39k_mWW6XJMQl46h5qKW8J0XRn876SPWW3m70Mt5vYsmcW3qSvRx6Bg-1jW4lPCFB8kpzxtW5WDQlk4Y32S7W5RcdhC1YrJtsW5NtG9S6Rh4PJW44YRpF7PvpPQVcFHZ28D_RxjW5j2cjp50Lw1RW80Ps9Q80lryNW42w17G5Sk-npW7CdRTl3DDNTvW1_zv-k3sgYq_N76CfD5dtPQyd1NMXF04] and produced by Tony Xu. The theme music is by Doo Dah Music. None of the information presented in this podcast constitutes legal advice. Consult an attorney or a tax professional for guidance.  _____________________________ Materials mentioned in this episode: * Const., XVI Amend. [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFF3m2ndW7lCdLW6lZ3mRW8hMfbf5XQTBKW6Qqy6K2tc76fVq10P28NVwJlW2zzC-D7VGPvzW1y_gYt8MB5pdW957QTH90xFztW5cGTXN1FsdqMW84c9C52Qw5TfW4ZWDTc2lGmhMW8891_P2rygWGW3ctNSH6FcYK0W4bPX4H4XLy-nW966BlS6rfnwhW37TcSX40H7SNW292PRB9lbGHgW3m3lTb4mMQQTW6Fpr7_2X6lkSW7Cy4zp30FN-cW8ln8_b2Z06qkW5wNJ5m54NHhQW37Jy6X6s9DLrW43YZnW66LN_lW1xGf7F5PTWHXW4_Cq3_6sKkYWf1FKDDq04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xq8tbcqyFBYNz5fTGj04o-27smZP62uz8lBbLGE94aUUtJbFohhJDXHJOEifH5AbthgcdzZuVtE88oiz5ZMiXG0aqRY$] * Eisner v. Macomber, 252 U.S. 189 [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqGd3m2ndW8wLKSR6lZ3pVW2vLjMb3Z6P3yW1VLwQC1ckhdQN3p3T2DCS9tKW1j-dsn9fMq8HW5ymvZL4GLTkgW5Lkqfn5l4v9VV-l5c53c943YN2f0YXM_YCrtW3rVxKZ1-p0gRW8kz65F2YYbd0W2nvZ8c8vP8mwVNC5LM4r7RB2W25rm4F5l6nTDW7KQMrd8j0KqzW91TxpS3cb3b4W5Sqkkn8pRHGwW6f8rKZ7rCRHvW7LqY1y3M_tXNW3hLZ3H84xsmlW4scnhz5JvD27W70XzbJ1ddd_QVP_51c76jr_0Vjm5w84cy63HVwK6gr7WtqK5W2gpMS-4qmLFNW5vhNWZ2slwXtW7z6lL07k2WcvVvyykv8Pyv9yf63sB0-04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xq8tbcqyFBYNz5fTGj04o-27smZP62uz8lBbLGE94aUUtJbFohhJDXHJOEifH5AbthgcdzZuVtE88oiz5ZMi6ZEoXq4$] (1920) * Helvering v. Bruun, 309 U.S. 461 [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqGd3m2ndW8wLKSR6lZ3lNN37k0jxBPsFdW2h39w52VcgqrN92qRrQznyrrVgTh-x1C9pG4W18wf7k8lCwh2W3BFbr_6Vt8NVW5V-whc5JyCJ2W3WY4yD2lzl9XW20Zvqx4nMJWfW70ySB96gm48XW2M4Vhk85l8KXVwTt5T7kGR3RW2BDq5s5-HfstW8lRgB93yGKD-VvTMTn2j-cP_VKHGt07xv-kxW7vQM0J4jWym7W95ftP843Qcx_W33wYty5Mt2gjV6d7wC4yPrFYW7CwSV33C8L5bW89ljRx43fjPMN2J8VBR4SxJ0W6HGRcV5FhpNsW54rqKp1B6L31TZjf84brH03W6yp4Zn7LM8MCW6_KX985x4nS7dDNNgC04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xq8tbcqyFBYNz5fTGj04o-27smZP62uz8lBbLGE94aUUtJbFohhJDXHJOEifH5AbthgcdzZuVtE88oiz5ZMiQ8fZ1wY$] (1940) * Woodsam Associates v. Commissioner, 198 F.2d 357 [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqFY3m2ndW7Y8-PT6lZ3mTN1jFrKVfm1zHW86XmlV451vSwW72_JcJ89nmFyW161W3d4QXqnmW3Vl7VD23mB6mW6j7GP652t7KLW32-yQ94HVbwjW4XnJBJ3_87WRVs-5c92gRS5BW4ZfZdh546S6QW8NljHQ3fYQdzW2YG1xJ6Yhn8cW5-489Y9hKKwCN4x57C46yqcVW6Q0jJb4n-5n0W2cCf5Q1D4FbXW9gSMYM6HmRyYN8lRWG2BcMXdW7Yxpbk1ZpsJrW6Y7pTB73-gdJVyR8pm3MKcXFN1DFPpHcSqmgW5xSP0l8dYn1vMKBjkg8-CqPW6fzjn482Xh8rW4W68kH7ZXWfKf70lmQY04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xq8tbcqyFBYNz5fTGj04o-27smZP62uz8lBbLGE94aUUtJbFohhJDXHJOEifH5AbthgcdzZuVtE88oiz5ZMijRmjnRQ$] (2d Cir. 1952) * Cottage Savings Association v. Commissioner, 499 U.S. 554  [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVwGtL6qWMpDW2-_xx05L3m-8W7MhRLh5l_-zXN3ypqGd3m2ndW8wLKSR6lZ3pZW4LmqzV1ZYgv3W7Mf8gt6QDPlMW4H9wcg6_FNSvW6VyjfL7NzjXmW5pQFqL6XWbYDVz20dL5Hvdt7W8c_GbX5MzZkVW7c_PD53L3zyNVGJv3914kVNSW1NQGpM443ynxW3cTt4_5_j0LKN3R61SjYl0fyW50ZR2H1CCF5yN7Pfm6bsxXztW6kYY5Q5NCpcQW5Tzpxh2XskqJW3mKDd-3nd-G0W8DS5wv6rB5FbW2HPbsf90bWgTW1WlS5J15x4LgW5mjjjz1RLj20W7XRMPv5nh-5jVQ6rSJ17rpZHW8C064f40KWH6W8MvL2K4lWyHLW7V9rlK3Wp_rvW1qTv5k43bF-ZVVMSzH2xH9KHf5FlnMj04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xq8tbcqyFBYNz5fTGj04o-27smZP62uz8lBbLGE94aUUtJbFohhJDXHJOEifH5AbthgcdzZuVtE88oiz5ZMiXrSgnM0$](1991)

Property Received as Compensation with Sarah Lawsky

Income also includes non-cash compensation.  Whether that is in the form of tangible property or stock options, section 83 rules it all.  Section 83 also allows the taxpayer to elect when and how to account for the property received.  The seemingly mechanic election puts the ball in the taxpayer’s hands to figure out the most advantageous tax treatment.  In this episode, Professor Sarah Lawsky uses section 83 to illustrate her unique way of teaching the introductory tax law class. Professor Lawsky is the Howard Friedman '64 JD Professor of Law at Northwestern University, Pritzker School of Law. Tax Class is hosted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3lyW98vm7L5c47nkW8w1VT22vxgvMW3LC-Bh124YWTW98smrC5vfgL_W6MXVFC2d53M0W5N9zdH22DhBsW5jjz8r1q9L24W7D9q4v35g_NWW4Zh35n6ZSKv9W1nnQdT8NZDm-W3CWGSV2WBYq1W5zcWWw2y97v8W3fpmND3V_6Q8W6bVkJn2lxsS4N3ywsTlY1Qh_W2_W8gm6N_xbtW4NpN664MfzC-W98hwhc2fYJWfW6k0fLD5WC2WWW22zwrX10qQxHW7g2HTy18p390VwBjkN6h25XJf4xCdKd04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUwJMU7mg$]⁠⁠Ben Leff⁠⁠ [https://www.american.edu/wcl/faculty/bleff.cfm]⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3npW3qWYSd4mJ6NXW1Kf3SY5WsLRYW92QfbF70krTJW1P3Ym94RQ44-W7C4gRJ2dW6PhW8pHDlm3JJ3_SW5Cy5MR5PfqnbW534yS52SHgRTV5qg6p7SfkkNW6pz-kf4BWS-HW48bDCV6HggbGW3jBfNV81hhFLN6tB2BMNPTV_N5yc4ry382nbW8lWJNQ3f1b1vW5x1KVW5PW2K5W5MQf8s5WvBRmW4PWm5J7xPQk3W77qvjw6Ks4P6W2409Ls2vn9hjW9cFFLB3YPHSxN4lbMwb2jWbzf6_Wsd804__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUtZUYYVY$] and produced by Tony Xu. The theme music is by Doo Dah Music. None of the information presented in this podcast constitutes legal advice. Consult an attorney or a tax professional for guidance.  _____________________________ Materials mentioned in this episode: * IRC § 83 * Sarah Lawsky Personal Websites: https://www.sarahlawsky.org [https://www.SarahLawsky.org] * Practice Problem Site: https://www.lawskypracticeproblems.org [https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://d5ztpr04.na1.hubspotlinksfree.com/Ctc/W6*113/d5ztpr04/VVs3j87KYX2fN1XYGqMWNlmlW46ZLVZ5lJ2XFN8mSy4P3m2ndW6N1vHY6lZ3l3W1RNkk23ZYzVrW8hY3kc1ggnN6W9hZ9lV5PCfw7V_MS_g1p2wS-W21yP3F7PP4wpV2LFmt9h_5vwW4QxS2S1Ksr26W7W6G9w7SvJPLW52KYVH2JQq3fW69gSM28zg2nLW4c478T59z0CZW3q_ZQ64M_f2SW70KtT-3mKWk3W6F5yFL8YTSfPN7twllLmw84CW4_g1tR1qXyfDW3kskB24tLVslN58F9r8fn4ktW2pldC91-BjRkW41j2Mf5pw2qWN7VRtgmqtgPMW1xfBtw7nNXWKf7KYc4R04__;Kw!!IaT_gp1N!xP8lTCB4BIx63evnzNzdKp8rVBl4UaU2_6PhNwD1DLF3lH6MOBs0whFX8tax_GBuEFHe9bzVo1VEW_7ISfyUerfPOMY$]