The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914

The Ottoman Empire's Last Grand Vizier Ahmed Izzet Pasha

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the overlooked figure of Ahmed Izzet Pasha, the last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire who negotiated the Armistice of Mudros in 1918. They trace his career from his Albanian origins, through his education in Germany, his command in Yemen, and his role as Chief of Staff on the Caucasus front. The conversation examines how Izzet Pasha's government was formed in the final weeks of the war, the challenges of negotiating with the British aboard HMS Agamemnon, and his brief tenure as Grand Vizier before the Young Turks returned. Lucas explains the tensions between Izzet Pasha and the Committee of Union and Progress, his attempts to salvage the empire through diplomacy, and his later service in the government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The episode also covers Izzet Pasha's role in the war crimes trials of 1919–1920 and his complex legacy as a soldier-statesman who tried to navigate the empire's collapse. Listeners will encounter key figures like Rauf Orbay, Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and Sultan Mehmed VI, along with the inner workings of the Sublime Porte during the war's final days. #AhmedIzzetPasha #OttomanEmpire #GrandVizier #MudrosArmistice #WWI #HMSAgamemnon #RaufOrbay #EnverPasha #TalatPasha #SublimePorte #Yemen #CaucasusFront #WarCrimesTrials #TurkishHistory #MiddleEastHistory #History #FexingoHistory #OttomanCollapse Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Treaty of Sèvres: The Allied Plan to Dismember the Ottoman Empire

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Treaty of Sèvres of 1920, the Allied plan to carve up the defeated Ottoman Empire. They discuss how the treaty assigned vast territories to Greece, France, Italy, and Britain, created an independent Armenia and autonomous Kurdistan, and left a rump Turkish state in central Anatolia. The episode covers the reaction of the Ottoman government in Istanbul, the defiance of the Turkish National Movement under Mustafa Kemal, and the treaty's role in galvanizing opposition that led to the Turkish War of Independence. Key figures include Sultan Mehmed VI, Grand Vizier Damat Ferid Pasha, and the Allied negotiators. The episode also touches on the controversial provisions, including the internationalization of the Straits and the financial control by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration. Sèvres was signed but never ratified, becoming a symbol of foreign humiliation that shaped modern Turkish nationalism. #TreatyOfSevres #SevrAntlaşması #MustafaKemal #TurkishWarOfIndependence #DamatFeridPasha #SultanMehmedVI #OttomanEmpire #WWI #ParisPeaceConference #LloydGeorge #Clemenceau #WoodrowWilson #ArmenianQuestion #Kurdistan #StraitsQuestion #ParisPeaceTreaties #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Armenian Genocide and the End of the Ottoman Empire

In 1915, in the midst of World War I, the Ottoman Empire began a systematic deportation and massacre of its Armenian population. This episode explores the events of the Armenian Genocide, its origins, the role of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), and how the genocide contributed to the empire's collapse. Lucas and Luna discuss key figures like Talat Pasha, Enver Pasha, and Cemal Pasha, the Tehcir Law, the fate of Armenian soldiers in the Ottoman army, and the international response. They also examine the legacy of the genocide in modern Turkey and its impact on the empire's final years. #ArmenianGenocide #OttomanEmpire #WWI #TalatPasha #TehcirLaw #CUP #EnverPasha #CemalPasha #1915 #Deportation #HistoryOfTurkey #Genocide #MiddleEast #WorldWarI #FexingoHistory #OttomanHistory #ArmenianHistory #SublimePorte Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Final Oath: How the Ottoman Parliament Defied the Allies in 1920

In January 1920, the last Ottoman Parliament met in occupied Istanbul and adopted the Misak-ı Milli — the National Pact. This declaration of the empire's minimum territorial demands would become the blueprint for the Turkish Republic. But it also sealed the parliament's fate: on March 16, 1920, Allied forces dissolved it by force, arresting deputies and declaring martial law. Lucas and Luna explore the frantic weeks of debate, the key figures like Rauf Orbay and Kara Vasıf, the secret communications with Mustafa Kemal in Ankara, and how the parliament's defiance set the stage for the Turkish War of Independence. They also examine the overlooked role of women's protests in Sultanahmet Square and the British decision to crush the last vestiges of Ottoman sovereignty. #MisakıMilli #OttomanParliament #TurkishWarOfIndependence #RaufOrbay #KaraVasıf #MustafaKemal #IstanbulOccupation #AlliedPowers #1920 #SultanahmetProtest #HalideEdib #TurkishHistory #WorldWarI #FexingoHistory #History #Empire #Diplomacy #Resistance Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire conducted its final census — a massive, unprecedented attempt to count every soul in a crumbling realm. But the numbers were not just statistics; they were weapons. This episode follows the census officials who trekked through Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Arab provinces, and reveals how the data was twisted by the Committee of Union and Progress to justify wartime policies, including the tragic Tehcir Law. We explore the millet system, the rise of population politics, and the census's role in the empire's final collapse. Featuring the voices of Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and the ordinary people whose lives were reduced to a tally mark. A story of numbers, power, and human cost. #History #FexingoHistory #OttomanEmpire #1914Census #Census #SublimePorte #MilletSystem #Tanzimat #EnverPasha #TalatPasha #CemalPasha #MehmedV #TehcirLaw #WWI #MiddleEast #Anatolia #Balkans #Empire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]