Did peer review fail? Nature Medicine’s chronotherapy paper retraction raises questions

Did peer review fail? Nature Medicine’s chronotherapy paper retraction raises questions

The cover story in last week’s issue of The Cancer Letter featured a retraction of a Nature Medicine paper demonstrating that giving patients immunochemotherapy before 3:00 p.m. led to massive improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival. In this week's episode of The Cancer Letter Podcast, editor and publisher Paul Goldberg, and associate editor Jacquelyn Cobb revisit the high-profile retraction. The retracted study, one of the first to provide prospective, randomized data on the topic of chronomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, was retracted due to a litany of errors that began to be flagged by the scientific community nearly immediately after the study was published. “When you come up with results, which these folks did, that are really just unbelievably cool and immediately in principle applicable in the clinic, of course, everybody's going to check them. And if you have any booboos in there, they'll find them,” Paul said.  While the cover story in last week’s issue ended up including a sort of “love letter to the scientific process,” with sources Jedd D. Wolchok and Rachel Humphrey proclaiming that the snafu was in fact a signal that the scientific process is working, Paul had his own take on the issue. “My question with something like that always is the same. And I've done a lot of stories about these kinds of booboos and retractions,” Paul said. “The question is the process works, as you say, but sometimes the process really should be prevented from having to work, because if you've got ... What's the French word? Dreck, that should be obviously found in peer-review. Just leave the process, let the process concentrate on something bigger, which I think is what we had here. And as you guys were rhapsodizing about how wonderfully the process worked, my kishkes were grinding. And that's another French word, I'm sorry.” “Rachel talks about this, how you throw it out to the community. But I think there's a hygiene question. What do you throw out to the community? Sometimes you want to spare the community. I do believe that in this case we see ... This is just my opinion, I think we see a failure of Nature Medicine to properly peer review this thing and save embarrassment to the investigators who sound like reasonable people. And the community. I mean, of course, ultimately it's really sparing the patients the nonsense.” This episode is sponsored by City of Hope. Learn more at www.cityofhope.org [http://www.cityofhope.org]. Stories mentioned in this podcast include: * A chronotherapy study in Nature Medicine showed dramatic results. Then it was retracted. The phase III trial claimed a staggering boost to OS and PFS when immunochemotherapy was given before 3 p.m. [https://cancerletter.com/news-analysis/20260710_1/] * OMB’s plan to increase political control of science faces stiff opposition on Capitol Hill [https://cancerletter.com/capitol-hill/20260710_2/] * Saving Western Kenya’s pediatric blood cancer patients How flow cytometry is changing the diagnostic landscape [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260710_3/] * The challenge of making the move from conversational AI to autonomous scientific discovery Advancing from level II to level III AI agents in precision medicine [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260710_4/] * The long life of a clinical trial How JCO sustains landmark oncology research [https://cancerletter.com/sponsored-article/20260710_5/] * FDA halts public release of Complete Response Letters, following citizen petition [https://cancerletter.com/cancer-policy/20260710_6a/]  A transcript of this podcast is available: cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260715-retraction/ [http://cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260715-retraction/]

A new diagnostic lens—and a lasting scientific legacy

In this week's episode of The Cancer Letter Podcast, editor and publisher Paul Goldberg, and associate editor Jacquelyn Cobb revisit two of last week’s most-read stories: the growing recognition that early-onset colorectal cancer requires a new diagnostic mindset, and the life and legacy of Maura Gillison, the scientist whose discovery that most head and neck cancers are driven by HPV transformed the field.  The cover story follows Jenna Scott, who was diagnosed with stage 4 colorectal cancer a year after giving birth to her son. Her cancer was repeatedly missed because its symptoms—rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea—overlapped with those of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Researchers say her experience is indicative of a larger phenomenon: early-onset colorectal cancer increasingly appears to be a biologically distinct disease, affecting younger, otherwise healthy patients and often presenting at a more advanced stage.   “It's a time of patient advocacy, which has been going on really through most of my career, but patient stories really need to get out and be told,” Paul said. “I think that is a bit of a change now because at this time when science is in jeopardy, hearing from patients is very, very important.” This episode of the podcast also covers the legacy of Maura Gillison, who died on June 21 at age 61. Her groundbreaking research established that HPV causes the majority of head and neck cancers, fundamentally changing how those cancers are understood and treated.  “I'm going to steal a factoid that you mentioned earlier, Paul, but it's like 70% of head and neck cancers are caused by HPV. So, the magnitude of the effect is really huge here. The numbers are huge,” said Jacquelyn. Stories mentioned in this podcast include: * Early-onset colorectal cancer is behaving like a new, biologically distinct disease, researchers note. One woman’s pregnancy shows how this distinction matters [https://cancerletter.com/clinical/20260702_1/] * Maura Gillison, who identified the role of HPV in head and neck cancer, changing the standard of care, dies at 61 [https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260702_2/] * Is it time to re-assess the practice and practicality of screening colonoscopy? Modeling data in ACS guideline support greater use of noninvasive tests to ease system strain, save lives [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260702_3/] * More than 50 million Americans remain unscreened for colon cancer. New guidelines offer another option [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260702_4/] A transcript of this podcast is available: cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260708-legacy/ [http://cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260708-legacy/]

Breaking down Operation Trailblazer: Rolling INDs, outside expert submission help, and one-trial requirement

In this week’s episode of The Cancer Letter Podcast, Paul Goldberg, editor and publisher of The Cancer Letter, and Sara Willa Ernst, reporter, break down HHS’ latest vision for the future: Operation Trailblazer.  The report [https://cancerletter.com/regulatory-news/20260626_2/] is titled: “HHS Roadmap to Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Early Clinical Research and Development.” “The U.S. is apparently losing its leadership in INDs and early phase research,” Paul said. “Some of it is true and also it does not help that the whole enterprise of cancer research right now is in, if not disarray, then at least a kind of mental and spiritual discombobulation.” Most notable were proposed changes to FDA, including an expedited Investigational New Drug program, which would use expertise outside FDA to help prepare INDs before submission, and a lower threshold—just one high-quality late-stage—for confirmatory evidence, which is already common practice in oncology.  Paul checked in with sources about the report after it was released. What he heard with his ear to the ground: It’s unclear whether the plans in the report will amount to policy.  “We don't know whether it's going to happen and there is a problem right now in that FDA really took a hit in terms of staffing,” Paul said. “At the moment, there is no permanent FDA commissioner. Having leadership that's deeply destabilizing was really a problem.” “FDA really right now needs to get its house in order or as the industry says, ‘right the ship,’” he continued. “A rudderless FDA for a while there was a step in the wrong direction. So, they're going to have to clean this up and maybe they will. Let's hope they do. “That's what I'm hearing from folks as I call them. But it was important to get [the news] out on paper even though the story certainly has a large number of caveats.” Stories mentioned in this podcast include: * The Directors: Directors of two Midwestern cancer centers tell us about the challenging healthcare economics in rural areas [https://cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260626_1/] * To keep the early clinical trial enterprise in the U.S., HHS pledges to simplify regulatory requirements [https://cancerletter.com/regulatory-news/20260626_2/] * Joe Fraumeni, founder of molecular epidemiology, dies at 93 [https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260626_3/] * Karen Huntsman’s vision gave shape to the Huntsman Cancer Institute [https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260626_4/] * Robert Mayer tells us about pancreatic cancer’s hopeless past as new data shows promise [https://cancerletter.com/in-the-archives/20260626_5/] A transcript of this podcast is available: https://cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260701-operation-trailblazer/

The Directors: Two Midwest directors tell us about the challenging healthcare economics in rural areas

“Institutions are feeling crunched at so many different directions” How’s this for a paradox: The better cancer centers become at keeping patients alive, the more expensive cancer care becomes. This brutal tradeoff hits harder in rural areas, where the cancer burden is higher and the investigator and clinical trial representation is lower. The federal budget introduced last summer dealt Medicaid a mighty blow, which is expected to cause a spike in the number of uninsured Americans over the next decade (The Cancer Letter, July 3, [https://cancerletter.com/cancer-policy/20250703_6a/] 2025).  In the June episode of The Directors, two Midwestern cancer center directors, University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center Director Mark Burkard, and University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center Director Jeffrey Miller, discussed the financial and logistical challenges confronting cancer care outside major metropolitan hubs.  “We had a Medicaid expansion in Iowa, and that supported what's called the directed payment program (Medicaid State Directed Payments) and that's being phased out over 10 years,” Burkard said. “I think it's going to affect rural hospitals and hospitals in underserved areas even more. And some money was put back into the rural transformation funds of which our state got $209 million. But we're looking at, basically, over the next 10 years, it's a billion-dollar cut from our health system. So, we're trying to figure out how to tighten our belts to make up for that difference as a health system.” Driven by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act and subsequent CMS regulations, these changes cap supplemental payments and are expected to significantly reduce federal Medicaid spending over the next decade. The effect of the financial tightening is systemic. Even the paths taken by junior faculty members are affected. “It used to be that you could creatively dabble as a junior faculty, and then figure out how to develop your career,” Miller said. “But now, they want you to do it in pretty much three years. You get three years of unrestricted time, and then you’ve got to go out into the world and say, ‘How am I going to support my salary?’"

Policy by way of podcaster—FDA issues priority vouchers after Joe Rogan episode on psychedelics

In this week's episode of The Cancer Letter Podcast, Paul Goldberg, editor and publisher, and Sara Willa Ernst, reporter, go on a trip into the world of federal health policy surrounding psychedelic medicine.  In April, FDA issued National Priority Vouchers to three companies conducting clinical trials of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder, and methylone for PTSD, as well as an IND to study ibogaine for treatment of alcohol use disorder. This came after the president issued an executive order vowing to accelerate drug approvals of psychedelic drugs.  “One thing that they seem to want to do is reverse Nixon's War on Drugs, which stopped all of the psychedelic drugs research in its tracks in the '70s,” Paul said.  Some oncologists are not opposed to this reversal, particularly as clinical trials evaluating psilocybin as a treatment for cancer-related anxiety, depression, demoralization, fear of recurrence, and other psychological conditions have been ongoing since 2008 [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210962]. But the story behind the policy change is cause for concern.  At a press conference in the Oval Office, President Donald Trump sat next to Joe Rogan, comedian and host of “The Joe Rogan Experience" podcast. Just two and half weeks before, Rogan published a two-hour long interview on ibogaine.  Rogan texted Trump about the psychadelic’s promise as a treatment for drug addiction, brain trauma, and cognitive decline.  “The text message came back: ‘Sounds great, do you want FDA approval?’ It was literally that quick,” Rogan said at a subsequent press conference [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/VFO6Gcrcz4c] with Trump in the Oval Office.  “This is a very unscientific way to roll back the scientific kibosh,” Paul said.  The policy change didn’t appear to come from scientific consensus by an expert panel brought together by FDA or NIH.  “When the President of the United States can text you saying, ‘Would you like an FDA approval?’ I worry about prescribing, but especially off label,” said Paul, editor and publisher of The Cancer Letter. “This thing is not approved, by the way, to give credit to FDA right now.” This episode is sponsored by ASCO. Learn more at asco.org/ascoaction [https://www.asco.org/news-initiatives/policy-news-analysis] Stories mentioned in this podcast include: * Is psilocybin heading to a cancer clinic near you? [https://cancerletter.com/regulatory-news/20260618_1/] * What NHS-Galleri taught us—and what it didn’t [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260618_2/] * The NHS-Galleri trial has and will continue to provide critical insights to refine future MCED studies [https://cancerletter.com/trials-and-tribulations/20260618_3/] * FDA clears a way for dramatic reduction in animal toxicology studies in cancer [https://cancerletter.com/news-analysis/20260618_4/] * Proposed OMB rule aims at the heart of the U.S. research enterprise—and scientists are fighting back [https://cancerletter.com/the-cancer-letter/20260612_1/] https://cancerletter.com/podcastc/20260624-psychedelics/