Meiji Earthquake Science and the Birth of Seismology

Meiji Japan's National Bank: How Iwasaki Shibusawa Financed a Revolution

When the Meiji Restoration began in 1868, Japan had no modern banking system—just feudal moneylenders and a chaotic mix of clan-issued paper. How did a fledgling government with no credit history fund its breakneck industrialisation? Lucas and Luna explore the creation of the National Bank Act of 1872, modelled on the American system, and the fierce debates between Ōkubo Toshimichi and Itō Hirobumi over private versus state control. They meet Shibusawa Eiichi, the visionary who founded Japan's first modern bank (Dai-Ichi Kokuritsu Ginkō) and later launched hundreds of companies. They trace the 1882 founding of the Bank of Japan by Matsukata Masayoshi, who crushed inflation with deflationary policies that sparked the Matsukata Depression. The episode also covers the role of the Mitsui and Mitsubishi zaibatsu as quasi-central banks, the 1884 panic, and how Japan's banking revolution financed the railway boom, the Yawata steelworks, and the Sino-Japanese War. A story of paper money, gold convertibility, and the high-wire act of modernising without foreign debt. #MeijiRestoration #BankOfJapan #ShibusawaEiichi #MatsukataMasayoshi #NationalBankAct #DaiIchiKokuritsuGinko #FukokuKyohei #BunmeiKaika #Mitsui #Mitsubishi #Zaibatsu #YawataSteel #SinoJapaneseWar #MatsukataDepression #MeijiFinance #JapaneseHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Meiji Earthquake Science and the Birth of Seismology

When the Great Nōbi Earthquake struck central Japan on October 28, 1891, the fledgling Meiji state faced its first catastrophic natural disaster. This episode traces how a handful of foreign o-yatoi gaikokujin and Japanese scholars seized the moment to transform earthquake study into a rigorous modern science. We follow British engineer John Milne as he helps establish the Seismological Society of Japan, installs Japan's first network of seismographs, and trains a generation of Japanese seismologists. We also explore the political and social fallout of the earthquake—how it exposed corruption in the building industry, spurred new construction standards, and became a rallying cry for national unity. The 1891 Nōbi earthquake killed over 7,000 people and flattened entire towns, but it also gave birth to seismology as we know it. From the invention of the horizontal pendulum seismometer to the founding of the Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee, this is the story of how Japan turned disaster into discovery. #MeijiJapan #GreatNobiEarthquake #JohnMilne #Seismology #FukokuKyōhei #BunmeiKaika #oYatoiGaikokujin #SeismologicalSocietyOfJapan #ImperialEarthquakeInvestigationCommittee #Nobi1891 #Nōbi #Gifu #Aichi #Nagoya #EarthquakeScience #History #FexingoHistory #JapanHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Meiji Japan's Postal Service: Letters for a Nation

In the 1870s, Japan's new Meiji government rolled out a modern postal service that linked the archipelago from Hokkaido to Kyushu. This episode unpacks the unlikely story of Maejima Hisoka, a former Tokugawa official who became Japan's 'father of the postal system.' We trace the creation of a unified postal network, the introduction of the first Japanese postage stamps (including the famous Dragon stamp), and the system's role in knitting together a country still healing from civil war. Along the way, we touch on the opposition from traditional couriers, the adoption of Western mail-handling technology, and how the postal service became a symbol of Japan's rapid modernization under the slogan Fukoku Kyōhei. #MeijiPostalService #MaejimaHisoka #FukokuKyōhei #BunmeiKaika #DragonStamp #TeishinShō #MeijiJapan #PostalHistory #PostageStamps #JapaneseHistory #Modernization #EastAsia #History #FexingoHistory #Meiji #Japan #PostOffice #1870s Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Meiji Japan's Photography Revolution: Capturing a New Era

In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna explore how photography transformed Meiji Japan, serving as both a tool for modernization and a mirror of national identity. They delve into the role of foreign photographers like Felice Beato and Raimund von Stillfried, the establishment of the first Japanese studios, and how images of the Emperor, samurai, and everyday life shaped Japan's image abroad and at home. The conversation also touches on the technical and cultural challenges of introducing photography to a society emerging from isolation, and how the medium became a symbol of 'bunmei kaika' (civilization and enlightenment). Along the way, they discuss the intersection of photography with tourism, propaganda, and art, highlighting key figures like Ueno Hikoma and the Yokohama Shashin school. #MeijiPhotography #FeliceBeato #YokohamaShashin #UenoHikoma #BunmeiKaika #FukokuKyōhei #MeijiEra #JapanHistory #HistoryOfPhotography #JapaneseArt #CulturalTransformation #EastAsianHistory #MeijiJapan #PhotographyHistory #ModernJapan #MeijiRestoration #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Meiji Silk Road: How Raw Thread Transformed Japan

Lucas and Luna explore how Meiji Japan transformed its ancient silk industry into a modern export powerhouse. They follow the story of the Tomioka Silk Mill, a state-of-the-art French-designed factory that opened in 1872, and the women who worked there — including young girls from samurai families who were recruited to learn Western reeling techniques. The episode covers the crucial role of silk in Japan's early industrialisation, the o-yatoi gaikokujin who brought European technology, and the social impact on rural communities. It also touches on the silk boom's darker side: harsh working conditions, disease, and the birth of Japan's first labour disputes. Along the way, listeners meet figures like Ōkubo Toshimichi, who championed the mill, and the French engineer Paul Brunat, who helped design it. The conversation shows how silk not only paid for imported machinery but also reshaped gender roles and village life in Meiji Japan. #MeijiSilk #TomiokaSilkMill #PaulBrunat #ŌkuboToshimichi #BunmeiKaika #FukokuKyōhei #JapaneseIndustrialisation #SilkReeling #O-YatoiGaikokujin #MeijiEconomy #WomenInMeijiJapan #JapaneseHistory #MeijiRestoration #EastAsia #History #FexingoHistory #ExportEconomy #LabourHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]