The 1982 Assassination of Bashir Gemayel

The 1982 Assassination of Bashir Gemayel

September 14, 1982: a bomb tears through the Kataeb party headquarters in Beirut's Achrafieh district, killing Lebanon's president-elect, Bashir Gemayel. Just days earlier, he had met with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, seen as the strongman who might end the civil war. Instead, his death triggered a chain of violence: within 48 hours, Israeli forces encircled the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps, and Lebanese Phalangist militiamen—under the command of Elie Hobeika—entered to hunt for Palestinian fighters. What followed was a massacre that left hundreds dead and forever stained Lebanon's history. This episode unpacks the assassination, the political ambitions of Bashir Gemayel, the Israeli invasion that brought the PLO to the brink, and the international outcry that followed. We explore the role of the Lebanese Forces, the Reagan administration's peace plan, and how this event reshaped the war's trajectory. From the bombed-out streets of East Beirut to the courtroom of the Kahan Commission, this is a story of ambition, betrayal, and the terrible cost of survival in a fractured land. #BashirGemayel #SabraAndShatila #LebaneseCivilWar #1982Lebanon #IsraeliInvasion #Kataeb #Phalangists #ElieHobeika #Beirut #September14 #Beirut1982 #Achrafieh #SiegeOfBeirut #History #FexingoHistory #Lebanon #MiddleEast #Massacre Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Beirut 1956: The Banking Secrecy Law That Built a Financial Haven

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the origins and impact of Lebanon's 1956 Banking Secrecy Law, which turned Beirut into the financial capital of the Arab world. They discuss how President Camille Chamoun and his finance minister pushed through the law to attract foreign capital, the mechanics of numbered accounts and tax-free interest, and the law's role in creating a state-within-a-state for the wealthy. The conversation also touches on the law's darker side — how it fueled corruption, inequality, and sectarian tensions — and its legacy after the civil war. Along the way, they consider the law's connection to earlier episodes on the silk boom and the railroad, showing how Lebanon's economy evolved from agriculture to finance. This is a story of a single legal stroke that reshaped the Middle East's financial landscape. #Lebanon #BankingSecrecy #1956 #Beirut #CamilleChamoun #FinancialHub #MiddleEast #LawNo46 #Banking #Sectarianism #Independence #Corruption #Trade #War #Survival #History #FexingoHistory #LebaneseEconomy Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1943 National Pact That Shaped Lebanon's Politics

In 1943, as Lebanon stood on the brink of independence from French mandate, two men—Bechara El Khoury, a Maronite Christian, and Riad Al Solh, a Sunni Muslim—met in secret to forge an unwritten agreement that would define the country's political system for decades. This episode unpacks the negotiations, the key compromise: a Maronite president, a Sunni prime minister, and a Shia speaker of parliament, along with a delicate balance between Lebanon's Arab identity and its ties to the West. We also delve into the dramatic events of November 1943, when French authorities arrested the newly elected government, sparking a popular uprising that forced France to relent. The pact's legacy—its role in stabilizing the fledgling state, its eventual erosion, and its contribution to the civil war—is explored with nuance. Discover how a gentlemen's agreement, never written into law, became the cornerstone of Lebanese politics and a source of both unity and division. #1943NationalPact #BecharaElKhoury #RiadAlSolh #LebanonIndependence #FrenchMandate #Maronite #Sunni #Shia #AlMithaqAlWatani #November1943 #LebanesePolitics #CivilWarRoots #SectarianPowerSharing #FreeFrench #VichyFrance #Beirut #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The 1932 Census That Fixed Lebanon's Sects

In 1932, under the French Mandate, Lebanon conducted its first and only official census. The results were never updated, and they still shape Lebanese politics today. This episode unpacks how the census was designed, who it left out, and why the numbers became political dynamite. We look at the role of High Commissioner Henri Ponsot, the Maronite Patriarch's push for a Christian majority, the exclusion of Lebanese emigrants, and how the delicate balance between 18 recognised sects was frozen in time. The census paved the way for the 1943 National Pact but also planted the seeds of sectarian gridlock. A story of statistics, power, and unintended consequences. #Lebanon #1932Census #FrenchMandate #HenriPonsot #Maronite #Sunni #Shia #Druze #Sectarianism #LebanesePolitics #NationalPact #Beirut #MiddleEast #Census #History #FexingoHistory #MandateHistory #LebaneseSects Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Beirut 1875: The Silk Boom That Built a City

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the transformative silk boom of 1875 that turned Beirut from a small port town into a thriving commercial hub. They discuss how French merchants and Lebanese farmers created a global supply chain, the role of the Mutasarrifiyya system in protecting the industry, and the social changes brought by new wealth — including the rise of the Sursock family and the construction of iconic buildings like the Sursock Palace. The episode also touches on the decline of silk when Japanese competition and World War I disrupted trade, and how this early globalisation shaped Lebanon's modern economy and identity. #LebanonHistory #Beirut #SilkBoom #Mutasarrifiyya #Sursock #19thCentury #GlobalTrade #OttomanEmpire #MountLebanon #FrenchMerchants #SilkRoad #BeirutPort #SursockPalace #Kisrawan #Sericulture #EconomicHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]