Cortés's Tlaxcalan Allies: The Indigenous Army That Conquered Mexico

The Obsidian Trade That Funded Cortés's Enemies

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the obsidian economy of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, focusing on the vast deposits at Pachuca and the trade networks that supplied blades, tools, and weapons across the Aztec Empire. They discuss how obsidian was mined, worked, and distributed, and how control of this resource shaped political alliances — and resistance to Cortés. The conversation touches on the Tecoaque site, the role of otomi miners, and the connection between obsidian and the macuahuitl. They also examine how the Spanish disruption of trade routes contributed to the fall of Tenochtitlan. #Obsidian #Pachuca #Tecoaque #Macuahuitl #Otomi #AztecEconomy #Mesoamerica #TradeNetworks #Cortés #Tenochtitlan #FlorentineCodex #Nahuatl #Mining #PreColumbian #Mexica #History #FexingoHistory #Conquest Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cortés's Tlaxcalan Allies: The Indigenous Army That Conquered Mexico

Everyone knows Cortés conquered the Aztecs with just a few hundred Spaniards. But the real story is far more complex: Cortés's army was overwhelmingly indigenous. In this episode, we explore the Tlaxcalan people — the sworn enemies of the Mexica who became Cortés's most crucial allies. We trace their decision to ally with the Spaniards after a fierce battle, their role as the backbone of the siege of Tenochtitlan, and the long-term consequences of their choice. We also meet Xicotencatl the Elder and Xicotencatl the Younger, two leaders who disagreed on the alliance, and examine the famous Lienzo de Tlaxcala, a pictorial codex that tells the story from the Tlaxcalan perspective. This episode re-centers a narrative often dominated by European sources, revealing how indigenous politics and warfare shaped the conquest as much as Spanish steel and gunpowder. #Tlaxcalans #Xicotencatl #LienzoDeTlaxcala #Cortés #Mexica #Tenochtitlan #Mesoamerica #AztecEmpire #SpanishConquest #IndigenousAllies #Nahuatl #Cempoala #Cholula #1521 #History #FexingoHistory #ColonialMexico #Warfare Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Mexica Armies That Almost Stopped Cortés

In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna explore the military forces that opposed Cortés during the conquest of Mexico—specifically the armies of the Mexica and their allies. They examine how the Mexica organized their warriors, from the elite cuauhtli and ocelotl knightly orders to the massed commoner levies. The discussion covers the weapons and tactics that made the Mexica formidable, including the macuahuitl, atlatl, and slings, and how these were used in the siege of Tenochtitlan. They also consider the role of Tlaxcalan and other indigenous allies who fought alongside the Spanish, and why, despite numerical superiority, the Mexica ultimately fell. Along the way, they touch on the logistics of war, the impact of disease, and the strategic decisions of Cortés and Cuauhtémoc. #Mexica #Aztec #Cortés #Tenochtitlan #Cuauhtémoc #macuahuitl #atlatl #cuauhtli #ocelotl #Tlaxcala #Mesoamerica #Conquest #MilitaryHistory #IndigenousWarriors #SiegeWarfare #1521 #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cortés's Forgotten Allies Beyond Tlaxcala

In this episode of How Hernan Cortes Destroyed the Aztec Empire with 500 Men, Lucas and Luna explore the lesser-known indigenous allies who fought alongside the Spanish. While the Tlaxcalans are famous, Cortés also secured support from the Totonacs of Cempoala, the Otomi, and even the Mexica of Texcoco under Ixtlilxochitl II. We examine why these groups chose to ally with Cortés, how their motivations ranged from rebellion against Aztec tribute to internal dynastic feuds, and how their contributions—including warriors, supplies, and intelligence—were crucial to the conquest. We also look at the aftermath: how these allies were later marginalized by Spanish colonial rule, a pattern that echoes across colonial histories. Specific details include the role of Totonac porters, Otomi archers, and the Texcocan defection that turned Lake Texcoco into a Spanish asset. #Cortés #AztecEmpire #IndigenousAllies #Totonac #Cempoala #Otomi #Texcoco #Ixtlilxochitl #Mesoamerica #Mexica #Conquest #SpanishColonization #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast #16thCentury #Alliance #Tlaxcala Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

The Mexica Aqueduct Crisis: Cortés's Final Siege Weapon

In 1521, after the Noche Triste and the smallpox epidemic, Hernán Cortés understood that Tenochtitlan was too strong to take by frontal assault. So he turned the Mexica's own hydraulic genius against them. This episode follows the engineering and politics behind Cortés's decision to sever the Chapultepec aqueduct — the city's sole source of fresh water. We explore how the Mexica had built the system under Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, how the Tlaxcalans showed Cortés the vulnerable limestone channels, and how the resulting thirst broke Tenochtitlan's will to resist. We also unpack the role of the Alcalde Mayor of Mexico, the Florentine Codex's account of women and children drinking from the lake, and how a dried-out lakebed became Cortés's final battlefield. No horses, no Malinche, no Tlaxcalan alliance — just water, stone, and siegecraft. #Chapultepec #Tenochtitlan #HernanCortes #AztecEmpire #Mexica #Acuecuexatl #MoctezumaIlhuicamina #FlorentineCodex #BernalDiazDelCastillo #CortesSiege #Mesoamerica #AztecEngineering #SiegeWarfare #Cocoliztli #Nahuatl #Tlaxcala #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]