Rust for Linux with Alice Ryhl and Greg Kroah-Hartman

Rust for Linux with Alice Ryhl and Greg Kroah-Hartman

Hot off the press: this episode is a live recording from Rust Week [https://2026.rustweek.org/] in Utrecht, just two days ago. On stage with me are two people who hardly need an introduction in the Linux world: Greg Kroah-Hartman [http://www.kroah.com/linux/], Linux Foundation Fellow, stable kernel maintainer and an ambassador for the kernel, and Alice Ryhl [https://www.ryhl.io/], core maintainer of Tokio [https://tokio.rs/] and one of the driving forces behind Rust for Linux at Google. I have to admit a bit of personal history here: I first wrote about Greg more than 20 years ago for the German online newspaper Pro-Linux [https://www.pro-linux.de/]. Getting to sit down with him, and with Alice, in front of a live audience to talk about how Rust is reshaping the most important piece of infrastructure on the planet, was a genuine career highlight. We get into the big questions: Why does Alice believe that interop, not rewrites, is how Rust wins inside Linux? How do you carefully weave in Rust while maintaining a 35-million-line C codebase? And what does it actually feel like, day to day, to write kernel code in Rust? > “Rust is gonna save the Linux kernel.” — Greg Kroah-Hartman About Rust for Linux Rust for Linux [https://rust-for-linux.com/] is the project bringing the Rust programming language into the Linux kernel. After years of patches, proposals, and heated mailing list threads, Rust is now an officially supported [https://www.phoronix.com/news/Rust-To-Stay-Linux-Kernel] language inside the kernel tree, no longer an experiment. The work spans everything from the build system and the kernel crate to drivers, abstractions over core subsystems and brand-new pieces of infrastructure written entirely in Rust. About Greg Kroah-Hartman Greg Kroah-Hartman is a Linux Foundation Fellow, the maintainer of the stable Linux kernel branch, and the maintainer of, among many other things, the USB subsystem [https://docs.kernel.org/process/maintainers.html#usb-subsystem], the driver core, sysfs, debugfs, kobject, TTY layer and staging tree. He has been a central figure in Linux for over two decades, has written several books about kernel development, and is convinced Rust belongs in the kernel. About Alice Ryhl Alice Ryhl is a software engineer at Google working on Android and Rust for Linux, and a core maintainer of Tokio [https://tokio.rs/], the asynchronous runtime that over 50% of all crates on crates.io directly depends on. Inside the kernel she works on Binder, on async abstractions, and on the bindings that allow Rust drivers to talk safely to the rest of the kernel. About Rust Week Rust Week is an annual conference organized by RustNL. The 2026 edition took place in Utrecht, the Netherlands, from May 18 to May 23. It features talks, workshops, the Rust All Hands, and expert sessions on a wide variety of topics revolving around Rust. This episode was recorded live on stage during the conference. Thanks to the Rust Week team who made this recording possible! [https://2026.rustweek.org/about/] Learn more about Rust Week on their website [https://rustweek.org/]. Links From The Episode * Linux Docs: USB Subsystem Maintainer [https://docs.kernel.org/process/maintainers.html?highlight=Greg%20Kroah-Hartman#usb-subsystem] - Greg’s first contribution led to him maintaining the USB subsystem, and much more * The Register: Happy birthday, Linux: From a bedroom project to billions of devices in 30 years [https://www.theregister.com/software/2021/08/25/happy-birthday-linux-from-a-bedroom-project-to-billions-of-devices-in-30-years/1295876] - An interview with Greg celebrating the 30 year anniversary of the Linux kernel * Tokio [https://tokio.rs/] - Another big project maintained by Alice * RustWeek: Untrusted data in Linux — How Rust is going to save us [https://2026.rustweek.org/talks/greg] - Greg’s talk at RustWeek; Rust is gonna save Linux?! * Rust in Production: Rust for Linux [https://corrode.dev/podcast/s05e06-rust4linux/] - With Danilo, one of the co-maintainers with Greg on the Driver Core subsystem and others * Phoronix: New Linux Patch Confirms: Rust Experiment Is Done, Rust Is Here To Stay [https://www.phoronix.com/news/Rust-To-Stay-Linux-Kernel] - The official end of experimental Rust * Linux Plumbers Conference [https://lpc.events/] - A big conference for all levels of kernel developers * std::boxed [https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/index.html] - The most basic kind of pointer in Rust * kernel::list::List [https://rust.docs.kernel.org/kernel/list/struct.List.html] - Linux’ linked list Rust binding * core lib [https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/] - The most fundamental parts of the Rust libraries * alloc lib [https://doc.rust-lang.org/alloc/] - All things in the standard library that only require an allocator, not used by the kernel anymore * std lib [https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/index.html] - The thing most people think of as the standard library, containing things like file access which requires running on a kernel * QR code generator for kernel crashes [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panic_qr.rs] - First Rust code added to the kernel * Linux Rust Architecture support [https://origin.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/rust/arch-support.html] - Missing some big platforms like S390 (IBM Mainframes) and MIPS (a lot of consumer networking hardware) * sched_ext Schedulers written in Rust [https://sched-ext.com/docs/scheds/rust] - sched_lavd shows promise for video game performance, and servers? * Aya [https://aya-rs.dev/] - Build eBPF programs with nothing more than Rust and the Linux kernel * RustWeek: Completion-based IO [https://2026.rustweek.org/talks/alice] - Alice’s talk at RustWeek about IO * WE DO NOT BREAK USERSPACE [https://linuxreviews.org/WE_DO_NOT_BREAK_USERSPACE] - An e-mail from Linus explaining the mantra in typical Linus fashion * Linux clippy config [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/.clippy.toml] - It’s not pedantic! * Rust code style [https://origin.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/rust/coding-guidelines.html] - Coding guidelines of the Linux project for Rust code * rustfmt config [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/.rustfmt.toml] - Almost vanilla with some ideas for the future * clang-format config [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/.clang-format#n805] - Added in 2018 and tabs won! * Coccinelle [https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/dev-tools/coccinelle.html] - Semantic code transformation and the reason Greg lives in Europe * klint [https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/klint] - Custom kernel specific lints, basically a repository of clippy lints for kernel code Official Links * Rust for Linux [https://rust-for-linux.com/] * Greg Kroah-Hartman on Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Kroah-Hartman] * Greg Kroah-Hartman’s homepage (momentarily offline) [https://web.archive.org/web/20260226054256/http://www.kroah.com/linux/] * Greg Kroah-Hartman on Mastodon [https://social.kernel.org/gregkh] * Alice Ryhl’s website [https://www.ryhl.io/] * Alice Ryhl on GitHub [https://github.com/Darksonn]

NLnet Labs with Arya Khanna and Martin Hoffmann

Every time you load a website, send an email, or update an app, you're quietly relying on a handful of unglamorous services that route your packets to the right place: DNS to translate names into addresses, and BGP to figure out how to actually get there. When these systems break, or get attacked, the Internet doesn't just slow down but stops working. For more than 25 years, NLnet Labs has been one of the small, non-profit teams keeping that core infrastructure running. Their software, including the DNS servers NSD and Unbound, the RPKI tools Krill and Routinator, and the new DNSSEC signer Cascade, is deployed everywhere from hobbyist Pi-Hole setups to Let's Encrypt and major Internet operators. And increasingly, it's written in Rust! In this episode, I talk to Arya Khanna and Martin Hoffmann from NLnet Labs about what it takes to maintain critical Internet infrastructure as a small team, why they bet on Rust for new projects like the domain crate and Cascade and what the rest of us can learn from a codebase whose users include the people who keep your routes flowing. About NLnet Labs NLnet Labs is a non-profit foundation based in Amsterdam that develops open source software and open standards for the core infrastructure of the Internet. Since 1999, the small but dedicated team has built some of the most widely deployed building blocks of the modern web, including the authoritative DNS nameserver NSD [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/nsd/about/], the recursive DNS resolver Unbound [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/], and the RPKI tools Krill [https://github.com/NLnetLabs/krill] and Routinator [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/routing/routinator/], which secure global Internet routing. Their work is trusted by operators ranging from hobbyist Pi-Hole users to Let's Encrypt and major Internet service providers. In recent years, NLnet Labs has been steadily moving its new development to Rust, with projects like the domain [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/domain/about/] crate and the Cascade [https://nlnetlabs.nl/news/2025/Oct/07/cascade-0.1.0-released/] DNSSEC signer leading the way. Links From The Episode * NSD [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/nsd/about/] - NLNet Labs' first project * lychee [https://github.com/lycheeverse/lychee] - A link-checker that receives funding from NLNet (not NLNet labs!) * unbound [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/] - A DNS server like BIND, but only for recursive queries * Cascade [https://nlnetlabs.nl/news/2025/Oct/07/cascade-0.1.0-released/] - The new DNSSEC signing solution from NLNet Labs * Pi-Hole [https://pi-hole.net/] - A small usecase for unbound * Let's Encrypt [https://letsencrypt.org/] - A big user of unbound with scale and security requirements * Asahi Linux [https://asahilinux.org/] - Linux on Apple Silicon, mostly with Rust * Binder CVE [https://social.kernel.org/notice/B1JLrtkxEBazCPQHDM] - A CVE in Rust * LDNS [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/ldns/about/] - A collection of DNS functions, written in C, now in maintenance mode * domain [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/domain/about/] - The new collection of DNS functions, written in Rust * tokio [https://tokio.rs/] - The biggest shared dependency across the Rust ecosystem, first announced in 2017 * Rust in Production: Helsing with Jon Gjengset [https://corrode.dev/podcast/s06e02-helsing/] - You can take generics too far * bytes [https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes] - Tokio's Arc of bytes * Arc Welding [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_welding] - The other type of "fixing" * Alejandra González' crate dependency analysis [https://tech.lgbt/@blyxyas/116252699616176134] - 46% of published crates depend directly on tokio * RPKI [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Public_Key_Infrastructure] - Signing and validating IPs and routing information * Routinator [https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/routing/routinator/] - A RPKI validator, one of the first Rust applications in production * hyper [https://hyper.rs/] - The ubiquitous HTTP crate * Krill [https://github.com/NLnetLabs/krill] - The RPKI Certificate Authority tool with "fun" shutdown code * Roto [https://codeberg.org/NLnetLabs/roto] - Tert's scripting language, used by another NLNet Labs project, Rotonda Official Links * NLnet Labs Website [https://nlnetlabs.nl] * Arya Khanna's Website [https://bal-e.org/] * Arya Khanna on GitHub [https://github.com/bal-e] * Arya Khanna on Mastodon [https://tech.lgbt/@bal4e] * Martin Hoffmann on GitHub [https://github.com/partim] * Martin Hoffmann on Mastodon [https://social.tchncs.de/@partim]

Helsing with Jon Gjengset

Jon Gjengset is one of the most recognizable names in the Rust community, the author of Rust for Rustaceans, a prolific live-streamer, and a long-time contributor to the Rust ecosystem. Today he works as a Principal Engineer at Helsing, a European defense company that has made Rust a foundational part of its engineering stack. Helsing builds safety-critical software for real-world defense applications, where correctness, performance, and reliability are non-negotiable. In this episode, Jon talks about what it means to build mission-critical systems in Rust, why Helsing bet on Rust from the start, and what lessons from his years of Rust education have shaped the way he writes and thinks about production code. About Helsing Founded in 2021, Helsing is a European defence company building AI-enabled software for some of the most demanding environments imaginable. Helsing's software runs where correctness is non-negotiable. That philosophy led them to Rust early on and they've leaned into it fully. From coordinate transforms to CRDT document stores to Protobuf package management, almost everything they build ends up being written in Rust. About Jon Gjengset Jon holds a PhD from MIT's PDOS group, where he built Noria, a high-performance streaming dataflow database, and later co-founded ReadySet to continue that work commercially. He then spent time building infrastructure at AWS, before joining Helsing as a Principal Engineer. Outside of his day job, he's been teaching Rust to the world through his livestreams and writing for years, which makes him a rare combination: someone who thinks deeply about both how to use Rust and how to explain it. Links From The Episode * Helsing AI selected for Eurofighter upgrade [https://helsing.ai/newsroom/helsing-ai-selected-for-eurofighter-upgrade] - Helsing's Eurofighter Project * CA-1 Europa [https://helsing.ai/europa] - Helsing's Autonomous Uncrewed Combat Aerial Vehicle * Rust in Python cryptography [https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq/#why-does-cryptography-require-rust] - Rust being used in a Python library * Clippy Documentation: Adding Lints [https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/clippy/development/adding_lints.html] - How to add custom lints to (your own fork of) clippy * anyhow's .context() [https://docs.rs/anyhow/latest/anyhow/trait.Context.html] - Use it everywhere, it's very very helpful * eyre [https://docs.rs/eyre/latest/eyre/] - A fork of anyhow with support for customizable, pluggable error report handlers * miette [https://docs.rs/miette/latest/miette/] - Fancy, diagnostic-rich error reporting for Rust with source snippets and labels * buffrs [https://github.com/helsing-ai/buffrs] - Helsing's Cargo-inspired package manager for Protocol Buffers, written in Rust * sguaba [https://github.com/helsing-ai/sguaba] - Helsing's Rust crate for type-safe coordinate system math, preventing unit and frame mix-ups at compile time * Sguaba: Type-safe spatial math in Rust [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kESBAiTYMoQ] - Jon's talk at Rust Amsterdam introducing sguaba and the type-system techniques behind it * Apache Avro [https://avro.apache.org/] - A compact binary serialization format for streaming data, with a Rust implementation available via the apache-avro crate * pubgrub [https://docs.rs/pubgrub/latest/pubgrub/] - A Rust implementation of the PubGrub version-solving algorithm, as used in Cargo and uv * CRDTs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict-free_replicated_data_type] - Conflict-free Replicated Data Types: data structures that can be merged across distributed nodes without conflicts * ADR (Architecture Decision Record) [https://adr.github.io/] - A lightweight way to document important architectural decisions and their context * DSON: JSON CRDT using delta-mutations for document stores [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.14778/3510397.3510403] - The 2022 paper that was the basis for Helsing's CRDT implementation * dson [https://docs.rs/dson/latest/dson/] - Helsing's Rust implementation of DSON * Jon's Livestreams on YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@jonhoo] - Deep-dive Rust coding sessions where Jon implements real-world libraries and systems from scratch * WebAssembly with Rust [https://rustwasm.github.io/docs/book/] - The official Rust and WebAssembly book, covering a cool technology and useful skills to have as a Rust developer * Rust for Rustaceans [https://nostarch.com/rust-rustaceans] - Jon's book for intermediate Rust developers covering ownership, traits, async, and the finer points of the language * CVE-2024-24576: Cargo/tar supply chain vulnerability [https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/08/03/cve-2022-46176.html] - A security issue in the tar crate that affected Cargo's package extraction * Wikipedia: Defence in Depth [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_in_depth_(non-military)#Information_security] - The security principle of using multiple independent layers of protection; Even with Rust you need multiple layers, there is no silver bullet * SBOMs (Software Bill of Materials) [https://www.cisa.gov/sbom] - A machine-readable inventory of all components in a software artifact; Cargo's lock files make this tractable for Rust projects * Helsing: AI-assisted vetting of software packages [https://blog.helsing.ai/posts/ai-assisted-vetting-of-software-packages/] - Make it more efficient to review dependencies you take in * Bevy [https://bevy.org/] - A game engine built entirely in Rust, and a notable example of a large, complex Rust dependency * Tauri [https://tauri.app/] - A Rust-powered framework for building lightweight desktop and mobile apps from a web frontend, an alternative to Electron Official Links * Helsing Website [https://helsing.ai] * Helsing Tech Blog [https://blog.helsing.ai] * Helsing on GitHub [https://github.com/helsing-ai] * Helsing on LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/helsing/] * Jon Gjengset's Website [https://thesquareplanet.com] * Jon Gjengset on GitHub [https://github.com/jonhoo] * Jon Gjengset on YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/@jonhoo] * Jon Gjengset on Bluesky [https://bsky.app/profile/jonhoo.eu] * Rust for Rustaceans [https://nostarch.com/rust-rustaceans]

Cloudsmith with Cian Butler

Rust adoption can be loud, like when companies such as Microsoft, Meta, and Google announce their use of Rust in high-profile projects. But there are countless smaller teams quietly using Rust to solve real-world problems, sometimes even without noticing. This episode tells one such story. Cian and his team at Cloudsmith have been adopting Rust in their Python monolith not because they wanted to rewrite everything in Rust, but because Rust extensions were simply best-in-class for the specific performance problems they were trying to solve in their Django application. As they had these initial successes, they gained more confidence in Rust and started using it in more and more areas of their codebase. About Cloudsmith Made with love in Belfast and trusted around the world. Cloudsmith is the fully-managed solution for controlling, securing, and distributing software artifacts. They analyze every package, container, and ML model in an organization's supply chain, allow blocking bad packages before they reach developers, and build an ironclad chain of custody. About Cian Butler Cian is a Service Reliability Engineer located in Dublin, Ireland. He has been working with Rust for 10 years and has a history of helping companies build reliable and efficient software. He has a BA in Computer Programming from Dublin City University. Links From The Episode * Lee Skillen's blog [https://www.skillen.io/] - The blog of Lee Skillen, Cloudsmith's co-founder and CTO * Django [https://www.djangoproject.com/] - Python on Rails * Django Mixins [https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/topics/class-based-views/mixins/] - Great for scaling up, not great for long-term maintenance * SBOM [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bill_of_materials] - Software Bill of Materials * Microservice vs Monolith [https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html] - Martin Fowler's canonical explanation * Jaeger [https://www.jaegertracing.io/] - "Debugger" for microservices * PyO3 [https://pyo3.rs/] - Rust-to-Python and Python-to-Rust FFI crate * orjson [https://github.com/ijl/orjson] - Pretty fast JSON handling in Python using Rust * drf-orjson-renderer [https://github.com/brianjbuck/drf_orjson_renderer] - Simple orjson wrapper for Django REST Framework * Rust in Python cryptography [https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq/#why-does-cryptography-require-rust] - Parsing complex data formats is just safer in Rust! * jsonschema-py [https://github.com/Stranger6667/jsonschema/tree/master/crates/jsonschema-py] - jsonschema in Python with Rust, mentioned in the PyO3 docs * WSGI [https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/] - Python's standard for HTTP server interfaces * uWSGI [https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/] - A application server providing a WSGI interface * rustimport [https://github.com/mityax/rustimport] - Simply import Rust files as modules in Python, great for prototyping * granian [https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian] - WSGI application server written in Rust with tokio and hyper * hyper [https://hyper.rs/] - HTTP parsing and serialization library for Rust * HAProxy [https://www.haproxy.org/] - Feature rich reverse proxy with good request queue support * nginx [https://nginx.org/en/] - Very common reverse proxy with very nice and readable config * locust [https://locust.io/] - Fantastic load-test tool with configuration in Python * goose [https://www.tag1.com/goose/] - Locust, but in Rust * Podman [https://podman.io/] - Daemonless container engine * Docker [https://www.docker.com/] - Container platform * buildx [https://github.com/docker/buildx] - Docker CLI plugin for extended build capabilities with BuildKit * OrbStack [https://orbstack.dev/] - Faster Docker for Desktop alternative * Rust in Production: curl with Daniel Stenberg [https://corrode.dev/podcast/s02e01-curl/] - Talking about hyper's strictness being at odds with curl's permissive design * axum [https://docs.rs/axum/latest/axum/] - Ergonomic and modular web framework for Rust * rocket [https://rocket.rs/] - Web framework for Rust Official Links * Cloudsmith Website [https://cloudsmith.com/] * Cian Butler's Website [https://cianbutler.ie/] * Cian's E-Mail [butlerx@notthe.cloud]

Gama Space with Sebastian Scholz

Space exploration demands software that is reliable, efficient, and able to operate in the harshest environments imaginable. When a spacecraft deploys a solar sail millions of kilometers from Earth, there's no room for memory bugs, race conditions, or software failures. This is where Rust's robustness guarantees become mission-critical. In this episode, we speak with Sebastian Scholz, an engineer at Gama Space, a French company pioneering solar sail and drag sail technology for spacecraft propulsion and deorbiting. We explore how Rust is being used in aerospace applications, the unique challenges of developing software for space systems, and what it takes to build reliable embedded systems that operate beyond Earth's atmosphere. About Gama Space Gama Space is a French aerospace company founded in 2020 and headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine, France. The company develops space propulsion and orbital technologies with a mission to keep space accessible. Their two main product lines are solar sails for deep space exploration using the sun's infinite energy, and drag sails—the most effective way to deorbit satellites and combat space debris. After just two years of R&D, Gama successfully launched their satellite on a SpaceX Falcon 9. The Gama Alpha mission is a 6U cubesat weighing just 11 kilograms that deploys a large 73.3m² sail. With 48 employees, Gama is at the forefront of making space exploration more sustainable and accessible. About Sebastian Scholz Sebastian Scholz is an engineer at Gama Space, where he works on developing software systems for spacecraft propulsion technology. His work involves building reliable, safety-critical embedded systems that must operate flawlessly in the extreme conditions of space. Sebastian brings expertise in systems programming and embedded development to one of the most demanding environments for software engineering. Links From The Episode * GAMA-ALPHA [https://www.satcat.com/sats/55084] - The demonstration satellite launched in January 2023 * Ada [https://ada-lang.io/] - Safety-focused programming language used in aerospace * probe-rs [https://probe.rs/] - Embedded debugging toolkit for Rust * hyper [https://hyper.rs/] - Fast and correct HTTP implementation for Rust * Flutter [https://flutter.dev/] - Google's UI toolkit for cross-platform development * UART [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver-transmitter] - Very common low level communication protocol * Hamming Codes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_code] - Error correction used to correct bit flips * Rexus/Bexus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexus/Bexus] - European project for sub-orbital experiments by students * Embassy [https://embassy.dev/] - The EMBedded ASsYnchronous framework * CSP [https://github.com/libcsp/libcsp] - The Cubesat Space Protocol * std::num::NonZero [https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/num/struct.NonZero.html] - A number in Rust that can't be 0 * std::ffi::CString [https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html] - A null-byte terminated String * Rust in Production: KSAT [https://corrode.dev/podcast/s04e07-ksat/] - Our episode with Vegard about using Rust for Ground Station operations * Rust in Production: Oxide [https://corrode.dev/podcast/s03e03-oxide/] - Our episode with Steve, mentioning Hubris * Hubris [https://github.com/oxidecomputer/hubris] - Oxide's embedded operating system * ZeroCopy [https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/] - Transmute data in-place without allocations * std::mem::transmute [https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html] - Unsafe function to treat a memory section as a different type than before Official Links * Gama Space Website [https://www.gamaspace.com/] * Gama Space on LinkedIn [https://www.linkedin.com/company/gamaspace/] * Gama Space on Crunchbase [https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/gama-22d7]