A Single Light

Snowflakes, Lava, and Tardigrades, oh my!

Description Temperature affects everything from animals to vegetables tominerals. In today’s grab bag session, we are going to discover how temperature influences snowflake shape, igneous rock formation, the sex of baby turtles, and my favorites, tardigrades. Maddy agreed that if we get ten comments on this session,she will draw a tardigrade. Please comment so the world can get its promised drawing. Jennifer really wants to see it. Credits Co-founders of MooseEel Media, LLC: Jennifer Vandenberg& Maddy Cable Original art: Maddy Cable Research: Jennifer Vandenberg Script: Jennifer Vandenberg & Maddy Cable Editing: Jennifer Vandenberge Editing software: Canva Music: Remember This Moment by Patrick Rundblad Comment below (with kindness) Email us at asinglelight1110@gmail.com [asinglelight1110@gmail.com] And if you want…Subscribe and like!!! Highlighted Link of the Session Snowflakechart [https://www.snowcrystals.com/morphology/SnowflakeMorphology2.jpg] TriplePoint of Water [https://pages.uoregon.edu/jschombe/glossary/triple_point.html] Link to Information Used in Session 10 The Morphology Diagram: Snow Crystals.com https://www.snowcrystals.com/morphology/morphology.html [https://www.snowcrystals.com/morphology/morphology.html]  Are All Snowflakes Really Different? The Science of Winter: Smithsonian https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/are-all-snowflakes-really-different-science-winter [https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/are-all-snowflakes-really-different-science-winter]  Triple Point: Science Direct https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/triple-point [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/triple-point] U.S. Standard Atmosphere: Temperature, Pressure, and Air Properties vs. Altitude: The Engineering Toolbox https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.html [https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.html]  Sublimation: Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/sublimation-phase-change [https://www.britannica.com/science/sublimation-phase-change]  Freeze-drying: Britannica https://www.britannica.com/technology/freeze-drying [https://www.britannica.com/technology/freeze-drying]  What is the difference between "magma" and "lava"?: USGS https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-magma-and-lava [https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-magma-and-lava]  Igneous Rocks: National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/igneous-rocks/ [https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/igneous-rocks/]  Environmental Sex Determination: National Library of Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9989/ [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9989/]   What causes a sea turtle to be born male or female?: NOAA https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html [https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html]  Tardigrades: American Scientist https://www.americanscientist.org/article/tardigrades [https://www.americanscientist.org/article/tardigrades]  Tardigrades: National Geographic Kids https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/tardigrade [https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/tardigrade]  Highlight: Tardigrades and the Science of Extreme Survival: National Library of Medicine https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799322/ [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10799322/]   We finally know how tardigrades can survive extreme conditions: New Scientist https://www.newscientist.com/article/2412569-we-finally-know-how-tardigrades-can-survive-extreme-conditions/ [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2412569-we-finally-know-how-tardigrades-can-survive-extreme-conditions/] Amazon Store Please note: As an Amazon Associate, MooseEel Media, LLC (Jennifer and Maddy) earns from qualifying purchases. This means that if you click on certain links and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. From Session 3 – Celsius Whatever Happened to the Metric System?: How America Kept Its Feet by John Bemelmans Marciano https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h [https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h]

Let's Talk About the Weather

Description The weather depends on many variables, including temperature, air pressure, wind, and humidity. In this session, we are going to learn how temperature can influence the weather. From heat domes to blizzards, temperature is not merely a result of the weather but also a cause. Credits Co-founders of MooseEel Media, LLC: Jennifer Vandenberg& Maddy Cable Original art: Maddy Cable Research: Jennifer Vandenberg Script: Jennifer Vandenberg & Maddy Cable Editing: Jennifer Vandenberge Editing software: Canva Music: Remember This Moment by Patrick Rundblad Comment below (with kindness) Email us at asinglelight1110@gmail.com [asinglelight1110@gmail.com] And if you want…Subscribe and like!!! Link to Information Used in Session 7 What causes weather?: National Centre for Atmospheric Science https://ncas.ac.uk/learn/what-causes-weather [https://ncas.ac.uk/learn/what-causes-weather/]    What Are High and Low Pressure Systems? NOAA https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/weather-forecasting/what-are-high-and-low-pressure-systems [https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/weather-forecasting/what-are-high-and-low-pressure-systems]  What Is A Heat Dome? Explaining The Deadly Weather Pattern Behind America's Most Dangerous Summer Days: TheWeather Channel https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/2025-06-20-death-ridge-heat-dome-explainer [https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/2025-06-20-death-ridge-heat-dome-explainer]  What causes a heatwave and how to minimize the impact on your business: Aggreko https://www.aggreko.com/en-us/resources/construction/understanding-heatwaves [https://www.aggreko.com/en-us/resources/construction/understanding-heatwaves]  Blizzards: UCAR https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/storms/blizzards [https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/storms/blizzards]  Ice Storms: NOAA https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter-ice-frost [https://www.weather.gov/safety/winter-ice-frost]  What Is A Whiteout? Here’s Your Weather Word Of The Day: The Weather Channel https://weather.com/news/weather/video/what-is-a-whiteout-heres-your-weather-word-of-the-day [https://weather.com/news/weather/video/what-is-a-whiteout-heres-your-weather-word-of-the-day]  What Is the Polar Vortex?”: NOAA https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/severe-weather/what-the-polar-vortex [https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/about/k-12-education/severe-weather/what-the-polar-vortex]  Origin of Wind: NOAA https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/synoptic/origin-of-wind [https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/synoptic/origin-of-wind]  How Tornadoes Form: UCAR https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/storms/how-tornadoes-form [https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/storms/how-tornadoes-form]  Tornados: American Museum of Natural History https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/earth/tornadoes-spinning-thunderstorms [https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/earth/tornadoes-spinning-thunderstorms]  Tornados: MRCC https://mrcc.purdue.edu/living_wx/tornadoes [https://mrcc.purdue.edu/living_wx/tornadoes]  Three ways NOAA Research works to improve our weather forecasts: NOAA https://research.noaa.gov/three-ways-noaa-research-works-to-improve-our-weather-forecasts/ [https://research.noaa.gov/three-ways-noaa-research-works-to-improve-our-weather-forecasts/]  The Challenges and Complexities of Weather Forecasting: National Weather Service https://www.weather.gov/car/weatherforecasting [https://www.weather.gov/car/weatherforecasting]  Forecasting the Future: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Weather Prediction and Policy: WorldMeteorological Organization https://wmo.int/media/magazine-article/forecasting-future-role-of-artificial-intelligence-transforming-weather-prediction-and-policy [https://wmo.int/media/magazine-article/forecasting-future-role-of-artificial-intelligence-transforming-weather-prediction-and-policy]  Weather Analysis and Forecasting: AMS https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/about-ams/ams-statements/statements-of-the-ams-in-force/weather-analysis-and-forecasting2/ [https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/about-ams/ams-statements/statements-of-the-ams-in-force/weather-analysis-and-forecasting2/]  Amazon Store Please note: As an Amazon Associate, MooseEel Media, LLC (Jennifer and Maddy) earns from qualifying purchases. This means that if you click on certain links and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. From Session 3 – Celsius Whatever Happened to the Metric System?: How America Kept Its Feet by John Bemelmans Marciano https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h [https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h]

Critters at home in extreme temperatures

Description Humans can live in extreme temperatures, but we need external assistance. Animals don’t have jackets or air conditioning, but many of them thrive in extreme areas. In this session, we learn about several animals that live in extreme temperature zones and explore how they survive. Credits Co-founders of MooseEel Media, LLC: Jennifer Vandenberg& Maddy Cable Original art: Maddy Cable Research: Jennifer Vandenberg Script: Jennifer Vandenberg & Maddy Cable Editing: Jennifer Vandenberge Editing software: Canva Music: Remember This Moment by Patrick Rundblad Comment below (with kindness) Email us at asinglelight1110@gmail.com [asinglelight1110@gmail.com] And if you want…Subscribe and like!!! Highlighted Link of the Session  Watch this video on Devil’sHole Pupfish! You will not regret it!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voe1LXhB7bE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voe1LXhB7bE] Link to Information Used in Session 7 How do camels survive in deserts?: Natural History Museum https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-do-camels-survive-in-deserts.html [https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-do-camels-survive-in-deserts.html]  Kangaroo Rat: Organ Pipe Cactus NM https://www.nps.gov/orpi/learn/nature/kangaroo-rat.htm [https://www.nps.gov/orpi/learn/nature/kangaroo-rat.htm]  How does a reindeer keep warm in the winter?: the Cairngorm Reindeer Herd https://www.cairngormreindeer.co.uk/2025/03/14/how-does-a-reindeer-keep-warm-in-the-winter/ [https://www.cairngormreindeer.co.uk/2025/03/14/how-does-a-reindeer-keep-warm-in-the-winter/]  Horned Lizards: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_horned_lizard.php [https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_horned_lizard.php]  What happens to Wood Frogs in the Winter?: Chicago Academy of Sciences https://naturemuseum.org/cas/blog/what-happens-to-wood-frogs-in-winter [https://naturemuseum.org/cas/blog/what-happens-to-wood-frogs-in-winter] Antarctica’s Icefish keep from freezing thanks to special proteins: Earth Rangers https://www.earthrangers.com/EN/CA/omg_animals/antarcticas-icefish-keep-from-freezing-thanks-to-special-proteins/ [https://www.earthrangers.com/EN/CA/omg_animals/antarcticas-icefish-keep-from-freezing-thanks-to-special-proteins/]  How Do Penguins Stay Warm?: Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Do-Penguins-Stay-Warm [https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Do-Penguins-Stay-Warm]  African Skimmer: Laura Erickson’s For the Birds https://www.lauraerickson.com/bird/african-skimmer/ [https://www.lauraerickson.com/bird/african-skimmer/]  Woolly Bear Caterpillar - Winter Predictor Or Not?: National Weather Service https://www.weather.gov/arx/woollybear [https://www.weather.gov/arx/woollybear]  How Animals Survive Temperature Extremes: ACS https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/documents/how-animals-survive-in-extreme-temperatures.pdf [https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/documents/how-animals-survive-in-extreme-temperatures.pdf]  Amazon Store Please note: As an Amazon Associate, MooseEel Media, LLC (Jennifer and Maddy) earns from qualifying purchases. This means that if you click on certain links and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. From Session 3 – Celsius Whatever Happened to the Metric System?: How America Kept Its Feet by John Bemelmans Marciano https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h [https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h]

Fevers and Shivers

Description Most of us have had a fever before, and many of us have suffered from extreme cold. Why does the body react in such extreme ways to temperature changes? How have we tried to cure fevers and shivers throughout history? Can sufferingfrom these temperatures heal as well as harm? In today's session, we will explore the causes, problems, and cures of overheating or hypothermia. Credits Co-founders of MooseEel Media, LLC: Jennifer Vandenberg& Maddy Cable Original art: Maddy Cable Research: Jennifer Vandenberg Script: Jennifer Vandenberg & Maddy Cable Editing: Jennifer Vandenberg Editing software: Canva Music: Remember This Moment by Patrick Rundblad Comment below (with kindness) Email us at asinglelight1110@gmail.com [asinglelight1110@gmail.com] And if you want…Subscribe and like!!! Highlighted Link of the Session  This article has a great list of the variety of diseases that have fevers as symptoms Fever, fever patterns and diseases called ‘fever’ – A review: Science Direct https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034111000256 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034111000256] Link to Information Used in Session 7 History of Body Temperature:Springer Nature https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-21886-7_2 [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-21886-7_2]  Alcohol and Cold: PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1811578/ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1811578/]  38°C: Fever, Thermometry, and the Coming into Being of a Global Norm, ca. 1868–1890: The University of Chicago https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/733980 [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/733980]  Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich: Grokipedia https://grokipedia.com/page/carl_reinhold_august_wunderlich [https://grokipedia.com/page/carl_reinhold_august_wunderlich]  Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and the Evolution of Clinical Thermometry: Oxford Academic https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-abstract/18/3/458/739639?redirectedFrom=PDF [https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-abstract/18/3/458/739639?redirectedFrom=PDF]  A critical appraisal of 98.6 degrees F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich: NIH https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1302471/ [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1302471/]  The Mutter Museum https://muttermuseum.org/ [https://muttermuseum.org/]   Fever: Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759 [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759]  Mary Mallon (1869-1938) and thehistory of typhoid fever: PubMed https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3959940/ [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3959940/]  Cold-related Illnesses in Workers: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cold-stress/about/related-illness.html [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cold-stress/about/related-illness.html]  Frostbite: John Hopkins Medicine https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/frostbite [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/frostbite]  Hypothermia: Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352682 [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352682]  Video: The Man Who Froze To Death and Came Back To Life: ASAPScience https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUnqW9xWlLA&t=350s [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUnqW9xWlLA&t=350s]  The chilling truth: Exploring the health benefits and risks of cryotherapy: Mayo Clinic https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/living-well/the-chilling-truth-exploring-the-health-benefits-and-risks-of-cryotherapy/ [https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/living-well/the-chilling-truth-exploring-the-health-benefits-and-risks-of-cryotherapy/]  Decreasing human body temperature in the United States since the Industrial Revolution: elife https://elifesciences.org/articles/49555 [https://elifesciences.org/articles/49555]  Amazon Store Please note: As an Amazon Associate, MooseEel Media, LLC (Jennifer and Maddy) earns from qualifying purchases. This means that if you click on certain links and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you.  From Session 3 – Celsius  Whatever Happened to the MetricSystem?: How America Kept Its Feet by John Bemelmans Marciano https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h [https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h]

Saunas and Freezers

Description Lots of places on Earth are hot or cold, but a few get extremely hot or extremely cold. In this session, we will visit some of these places and learn why they are more extreme than any other place on Earth. Credits Co-founders of MooseEel Media, LLC: Jennifer Vandenberg& Maddy Cable Original art: Maddy Cable Research: Jennifer Vandenberg Script: Jennifer Vandenberg & Maddy Cable Editing: Jennifer Vandenberge Editing software: Canva Music: Remember This Moment by Patrick Rundblad Comment below (with kindness) Email us at asinglelight1110@gmail.com [asinglelight1110@gmail.com] And if you want…Subscribe and like!!!   Highlighted Link of the Session Fascinating article about Oymyakon, Russia Photos From the Coldest City onEarth: Smithsonian https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/photos-coldest-city-earth-180953888/ [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/photos-coldest-city-earth-180953888/]  Link to Information Used in Session 6 Records of Weather and Climate Extremes: WMO https://wmo.int/sites/default/files/2025-07/Table_Records_25Jul2025.pdf [https://wmo.int/sites/default/files/2025-07/Table_Records_25Jul2025.pdf]  World Weather and Climate Extremes Archive: WMO https://wmo.int/site/world-weather-and-climate-extremes-archive [https://wmo.int/site/world-weather-and-climate-extremes-archive] The Hottest Place on Earth and 9 Scorching Contenders: howstuffworks https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/hottest-place-on-earth.htm [https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/hottest-place-on-earth.htm]   Top 10 hottest places on Earth 2025: BBC Science Focus https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/hottest-place-on-earth [https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/hottest-place-on-earth]  Ahvaz: Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahvaz [https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahvaz]  Foehn: ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/foehn [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/foehn]  What are the 10 coldest places on Earth?: BBC Science Focus https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/what-are-the-10-coldest-places-on-earth [https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/what-are-the-10-coldest-places-on-earth]  Coldest Place on Earth: NASA https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4126/ [https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4126/]   9 of the Coldest Places on Earth: Treehugger https://www.treehugger.com/coldest-places-in-the-world-to-live-4869363 [https://www.treehugger.com/coldest-places-in-the-world-to-live-4869363]  How Scientists Are Helping Cities Adapt to Extreme Heat: Berkeley Lab https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2023/08/23/how-scientists-are-helping-cities-adapt-to-extreme-heat/ [https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2023/08/23/how-scientists-are-helping-cities-adapt-to-extreme-heat/]  Amazon Store Please note: As an Amazon Associate, MooseEel Media, LLC (Jennifer and Maddy) earns from qualifying purchases. This means that if you click on certain links and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. From Session 3 – Celsius Whatever Happened to the Metric System?: How America Kept Its Feet by John Bemelmans Marciano https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h [https://amzn.to/4lxPz5h]