Colombia's 1993 Blackout: When Darkness Changed a Nation

Francisco de Paula Santander: The Man Who Built Colombia

While Simón Bolívar gets the glory, Colombia's foundations were laid by Francisco de Paula Santander—a meticulous, bookish administrator who organized the new republic, wrote its first laws, and faced down Bolívar's authoritarian turn. This episode traces Santander's rise from a young officer in the revolutionary armies to his exile, his return as president, and his lasting influence on Colombian institutions. We explore the rivalry with Bolívar, the 'Santander vs. Bolívar' ideological divide that still echoes today, and how his emphasis on legal order over personal rule shaped Colombia's political culture. From the Battle of Boyacá to the Ocaña Convention, from the 'Laws of the Year 1821' to his final years in Bogotá, we uncover the man behind the myth—the 'Man of Laws' who believed a nation must be built on paper, not just swords. #FranciscoDePaulaSantander #SimónBolívar #GranColombia #ColombianIndependence #BattleOfBoyacá #OcañaConvention #ManOfLaws #HistoryOfColombia #ColombianPolitics #19thCentury #SouthAmerica #FexingoHistory #Colombia #Bogotá #Cúcuta #Venezuela #Ecuador #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cartagena's Black Saints: Afro-Colombian Resistance and the Inquisition

This episode dives deep into the city of Cartagena de Indias during the colonial era, focusing on the Afro-Colombian experience of slavery, resistance, and the Inquisition. We explore the story of Benkos Biohó, a former slave who escaped and founded San Basilio de Palenque, one of the first free African settlements in the Americas. Lucas and Luna discuss the cimarrones (runaway slaves) and their palenquero language and culture, which survive to this day. They also examine the case of Paula de Eguiluz, a black woman tried by the Santo Oficio for witchcraft and blasphemy, whose multiple trials reveal the intersection of race, gender, and faith. The episode further covers the role of the Virgen de la Candelaria, Cartagena's patron saint, and how Afro-Colombian traditions blended with Catholicism. With vivid detail, we uncover how enslaved and free Africans shaped Cartagena's identity, resisted oppression, and created enduring communities that still celebrate their heritage. #CartagenaDeIndias #BenkosBiohó #SanBasilioDePalenque #PaulaDeEguiluz #Cimarrones #Palenquero #VirgenDeLaCandelaria #SantoOficio #Inquisition #AfroColombian #Slavery #Resistance #ColombiaHistory #ColonialColombia #AfroLatinAmerica #History #FexingoHistory #Cartagena Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Colombia's 1993 Blackout: When Darkness Changed a Nation

In 1993, Colombia was plunged into darkness as a severe drought crippled the country's hydroelectric grid, leading to daily rolling blackouts that lasted up to 18 hours. This episode explores how the crisis unfolded under President César Gaviria's administration, the government's drastic 'Apagar para Vivir' (Turn Off to Live) campaign, and the long-term consequences that reshaped energy policy, public behavior, and even the peace process with drug cartels. We delve into the role of El Niño, the mismanagement of the state energy company ISA, and the surprising resilience of Colombians who adapted with candles, generators, and a new sense of community. The blackout also exposed deep inequalities—wealthy neighborhoods had generators, while poorer ones suffered in silence. It's a story of vulnerability and adaptation, a turning point that forced Colombia to rethink its relationship with energy and nature. #Colombia #1993Blackout #ApagarParaVivir #CésarGaviria #ElNiño #HydroelectricCrisis #EnergyPolicy #RollingBlackouts #ISA #Bogotá #Medellín #Cali #Drought #Resilience #LatinAmerica #Environment #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cartagena's Black Saints: Afro-Colombian Resistance and the Inquisition

In this episode, we delve into the vibrant yet perilous world of Cartagena de Indias during the colonial era, where Afro-Colombian resistance and spirituality converged. We explore the story of Paula de Eguiluz, a healer and fugitive who faced the Inquisition multiple times, and the formation of palenques like San Basilio, led by Benkos Biohó. The conversation uncovers how enslaved Africans preserved their cultures, practiced cimarronaje (marronage), and blended Catholicism with African traditions to create unique identities. We also examine the role of the Santo Oficio (Inquisition) in Cartagena, its persecution of 'witchcraft' and 'blasphemy,' and how Afro-Colombians navigated this oppressive system. This episode offers a nuanced look at resistance, faith, and survival in one of the Spanish Empire's key ports, tying in broader themes of colonialism and cultural synthesis. #Cartagena #AfroColombian #Inquisition #PaulaDeEguiluz #BenkosBioho #SanBasilioDePalenque #Palenquero #Cimarrones #SantoOficio #ColonialColombia #Resistance #Slavery #AfricanDiaspora #History #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #Colombia #CartagenaDeIndias Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]

Cartagena's Inquisition: Faith, Fear, and Afro-Colombian Resistance

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the shadow of the Holy Office in Cartagena de Indias, focusing on a single, remarkable figure: Paula de Eguiluz, an Afro-Caribbean woman who faced the Inquisition three times and survived. Through her story, they uncover how the Inquisition operated in colonial Colombia—not just as an instrument of religious orthodoxy, but as a tool of social control, especially over Africans and their descendants. They discuss the court's location in the former Palace of the Inquisition on the Plaza de Bolívar, the kinds of charges that brought people before it (bigamy, blasphemy, witchcraft), and how enslaved and free people of color navigated or resisted its authority. The episode also touches on San Basilio de Palenque, founded by escaped slaves (cimarrones) under Benkos Biohó, as a living example of Afro-Colombian defiance. By centering Paula de Eguiluz's life, they reveal a hidden history of survival, syncretism, and resilience within the walls of Cartagena. #Cartagena #Inquisition #PaulaDeEguiluz #AfroColombian #BenkosBioho #SanBasilioDePalenque #Cimarrones #Colombia #ColonialHistory #SantoOficio #WitchcraftTrials #Resistance #Syncretism #History #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #NewGranada #SpanishEmpire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo [https://buymeacoffee.com/fexingo]