Clarity in Credit

Middle East Conflict and the Uneven Effects on Energy in Asia

In the latest episode of our Clarity in Credit podcast series, Eric Chan, Vice President of Global Non-Bank Financial Institutions, and Marcos Alvarez, Managing Director of Global Financial Institution Ratings, discuss the impact of the conflict in the Middle East on Asian sovereigns with Rohini Malkani, Senior Vice President of Global Sovereign Ratings.  The escalation in the Middle East has exposed Asia's dependence on imported hydrocarbons, delivering price shocks and significant physical supply disruptions. Our analysts explore the effects currently playing out across the different regions in Asia, the implementation of varying contingency measures, and the immediate and longer-term implications of a protracted conflict. KEY HIGHLIGHTS * With approximately one-fifth of global crude oil and liquified natural gas supply currently constrained at the Strait of Hormuz, and an estimated 83% of that destined for Asian buyers, Asia is not simply a price-taker at this point, but also the region most directly exposed to physical supply disruptions. * Exposure is nonetheless not uniform across the region. For example, North Asia has strong crude reserve buffers, while parts of South and Southeast Asia remain more exposed given limited buffers and fiscal space to absorb sustained energy subsidies and/or higher import costs. * Contingency measures have varied across countries in managing supply shortfalls and higher import costs. Nevertheless, the current price and supply shock are weighing on growth, raising inflation risks, and complicating monetary-fiscal trade-offs.  * Beyond the direct energy shock, higher inputs such as freight, fertilizer, industrial gases, and petrochemicals are also raising production risks across industries and creating broader supply-chain bottlenecks. RELATED RESEARCH  * Asia: Middle East Conflict Deepens Energy and Logistics Shock With Uneven Spillovers (March 30, 2026), https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/477798 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/477798] * Middle East Conflict Delivers an Energy and Maritime Logistics Shock to Asia (March 4, 2026), https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475676 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475676] Catch up on these topics and more thought leadership from across the Fundamental Ratings teams and around the globe via our monthly Consider Credit newsletter: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/480642 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/480642]. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only.

A Credit Perspective on Middle Market Corporate Borrowers

In the latest episode of our “Clarity in Credit” podcast series, Aarti Magan, Senior Vice President, Corporate Ratings and Jason Graffam, Senior Vice President, Sector Lead, Global Sovereign Ratings, discuss Middle Market Corporate Borrowers with Michael Dimler, Senior Vice President, Private Corporate Credit.   The health of private credit has become a hot button topic for investors. In this episode, our analysts examine this market through the lens of our credit rating surveillance on middle market corporate borrowers. They explore the challenges facing the sector and how they are shaping the risk appetite of private credit lenders. They also discuss how artificial intelligence (AI)-related disruption and broader technological changes are influencing the credit profiles and ratings of these borrowers.   KEY HIGHLIGHTS * The middle market corporate borrowers that we currently rate have a median EBITDA of USD 50 million and an average credit rating of “B.” * Middle market private credit fundamentals have weakened, reflecting margin pressure, uneven revenue growth, and higher debt servicing costs. * Downgrades continue to outpace upgrades, driven by operating deterioration at the weaker end of the portfolio and limited upward credit rating migration overall. * Recent fund-level liquidity pressures and defaults have affected the risk appetites of private credit lenders and increased the competition for high-quality middle market corporate borrowers with strong credit fundamentals and clear sponsor support from top-tier private equity firms. * While middle market borrowers in the software sector are facing rising long-term AI disruption risk, the credit profiles in the sector remain supported by entrenched customer relationships and high switching costs. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only.

From Hub to Hazard - War in Iran and the Shifting Map of Middle East Aviation and Sovereigns

In the latest episode of our “Clarity in Credit” podcast series, Arnaud Journois, Senior Vice President of European Financial Institution Ratings, and Eric Chan, Vice President of Global Non-Bank Financial Institutions, discuss the repercussions of the war in Iran on sovereigns and airlines with Adriana Alvarado, Senior Vice President of Global Financial Institution and Sovereign Ratings and Rohit Kumar, Vice President of Corporate Ratings. The recent escalation of conflict in the Middle East, including widespread airspace closures and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz, is reshaping sovereign and corporate risk across the region. Our analysts look at the immediate and longer‑term implications for regional economies and global aviation and discuss how the different sectors are navigating this evolving landscape. KEY HIGHLIGHTS * Gulf sovereigns face heightened geopolitical and economic uncertainty, with impacts differing across oil‑dependent and more diversified economies. * Airspace closures across Iran, Iraq, the Gulf states, and Israel triggered severe aviation disruptions, particularly for Middle Eastern carriers whose operations temporarily came to a halt. * Airlines outside the region have been more resilient, as Middle Eastern routes represent a smaller share of their networks, though rerouting challenges persist. * With Russian airspace already restricted, additional Middle Eastern closures create a “double bottleneck,” leading to longer flight times, higher fuel burn, and rising operating costs. * Fuel prices represent the biggest global risk: sustained increases in oil and jet fuel costs could pressure profitability, especially for airlines with limited hedging. * Longer‑term credit implications vary, with Gulf sovereigns relying on substantial financial buffers while airlines’ resilience depends on hedging strategies, liquidity strength, and revenue diversification. RELATED RESEARCH  * Most Global Airlines Can Withstand Direct Impact From Middle East Airspace Closure, but Fuel Price Poses Risk, (March 2, 2026), https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475508 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475508]  * Conflict in the Middle East Brings Economic Disruptions for the Gulf Countries and Beyond (March 2, 2026),  https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475494 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475494] Catch up on these topics and more thought leadership from across the Fundamental Ratings teams and around the globe via our monthly Consider Credit newsletter: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475929 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/475929]. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only.

BDC Turbulence: Diverging Credit Implications

In the latest episode of our “Clarity in Credit” podcast series, Chloe Blais, Vice President, European Corporate Ratings, Diversified Industries & Energy, and Eric Chan, Vice President, Global Non-Bank Financial Institutions, discuss business development companies (BDCs) with Watson Tanlamai, Vice President, Global Non-Bank Financial Institutions.  The story of private credit has been years in the making, with this faction of the market experiencing a phenomenal surge in growth over the past several years. The BDC sector--as a subset of private credit--has recently garnered more than its fair share of attention from the press. In this episode, we discuss the ins and outs of this particular investment vehicle, the current industry landscape, and our outlook for this sector. KEY HIGHLIGHTS * BDCs are vehicles that invest in a diversified portfolio of debt of both sponsor-backed and non-sponsored-backed U.S. companies, often with expertise in a certain area of the market. BDCs may be traded on public stock exchanges or non-traded. * Despite broad macroeconomic challenges, BDC portfolio credit performance has been relatively strong over the past few years with notable growth in the sector’s assets under management. * Expectations for lower interest rates in 2026 may adversely affect the sector’s earnings; however, this may be balanced by floating-rate funding costs and the rationalizing of dividend payments to BDC shareholders. * BDCs generally maintain diversified portfolios with smaller individual position sizes, which should insulate larger players from industry-specific risks, such as credit risk exposure to the software industry because of ongoing artificial intelligence shocks. * The prevalence of payment-in-kind (PIK) interest deferral mechanisms offered by BDCs is discussed, including how the structure and relative quantum on PIK features may affect asset quality. * Overall, a divergence in the credit profiles of BDCs is expected. Well-performing, large BDCs are expected to exhibit more resilience relative to smaller BDCs, which may be more susceptible to macroeconomic headwinds because of their comparatively lower operational flexibility.  RELATED RESEARCH  * “2026 BDC Sector Outlook Neutral: Naughty or Nice List Lengthens,” https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/469393 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/469393] Catch up on these topics and more thought leadership from across the Fundamental Ratings teams and around the globe via our monthly Consider Credit newsletter: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/473725 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/473725/consider-credit-fundamental-ratings-monthly-briefing-february-2026]. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only.

Venezuela - What’s Next for the Oil Industry?

In the latest episode of our “Clarity in Credit” podcast series, Jason Graffam, Senior Vice President, Sector Lead of Global Sovereign Ratings and Chloe Blais, Vice President of European Corporate Ratings, Diversified Industries & Energy, are joined by Andrew O'Conor, Senior Vice President of Energy & Natural Resources Ratings to discuss the impact U.S. involvement in Venezuelan politics on the global oil industry. Following the U.S. military’s action in early January 2026 to oust Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on the global oil industry, it appears the U.S. government’s objective in Venezuela--among other stated reasons--is to revitalize the country's vast oil resources with the help of and investment by American energy companies. In this episode of “Clarity in Credit”, we discuss the medium-term implications of the U.S. intervention in Venezuela on the country's energy sector, the prospects for greater investment in the country, and the global oil industry. KEY HIGHLIGHTS * The U.S. military action in Venezuela that toppled Maduro has little immediate impact on the current global balance between crude oil supply and demand and, therefore, on oil prices. * It will likely take several years and large investments to meaningfully resuscitate the Venezuelan oil industry. In addition, the country’s current political stability, its legal framework, and the current low oil price environment are unfavorable conditions for most western companies and do not incentivize the large investments required. * The arrest of Maduro has no immediate credit rating impact on the oil and gas producers that we rate. However, in the unlikely scenario that the oil price significantly declines for six to 12 months because of a severe weakening in the economic environment, most of our rated issuers would be well positioned, financially and operationally, to weather such a downturn. RELATED RESEARCH  * “Maduro's Ouster Unlikely to Have Significant Near-Term Impact on Oil Prices,” https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471154 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471154] * “The Promise and Peril of U.S. Intervention in Venezuela,” https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471477 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471477/] * “Venezuela and the Shifting Map of Insurance Risks in the Caribbean,” https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471250 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471250] * “Maduro's Exit: Very Limited Direct Exposures for International Banks With Potential Opportunities in the Long Term,” https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471183 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471183] Catch up on these topics and more thought leadership from across the Fundamental Ratings teams and around the globe via our monthly Consider Credit newsletter:https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471419 [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/research/471419]. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only. By downloading or listening to this podcast, you are agreeing to the Morningstar DBRS disclaimer and legal terms and conditions found at https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/disclaimer] and https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions [https://dbrs.morningstar.com/about/termsAndConditions], including that the information provided is not investment, financial or other advice. Morningstar DBRS will not be liable for losses arising from your use of the information. Please note that the content of this podcast is intended for European, North American and UK audiences only.