Lex Fridman Podcast

Pavel Durov is the founder and CEO of Telegram. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep482-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep482-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/pavel-durov-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/pavel-durov-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Pavel’s Telegram: https://t.me/durov [https://t.me/durov] Pavel’s X: https://x.com/durov [https://x.com/durov] Telegram: https://telegram.org/ [https://telegram.org/] Telegram Contests: https://contest.com/ [https://contest.com/] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ [https://lexfridman.com/s/miro-ep482-sc] UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/uplift_desk-ep482-sc] Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep482-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep482-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep482-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (02:46) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:29) – Philosophy of freedom (14:37) – No alcohol (22:42) – No phone (28:38) – Discipline (49:50) – Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics (1:05:12) – Arrest in France (1:21:23) – Romanian elections (1:32:18) – Power and corruption (1:41:50) – Intense education (1:53:51) – Nikolai Durov (1:58:19) – Programming and video games (2:02:33) – VK origins & engineering (2:19:46) – Hiring a great team (2:29:02) – Telegram engineering & design (2:48:04) – Encryption (2:53:01) – Open source (2:57:48) – Edward Snowden (3:00:20) – Intelligence agencies (3:01:32) – Iran and Russia government pressure (3:04:41) – Apple (3:11:38) – Poisoning (3:43:53) – Money (3:52:45) – TON (4:02:35) – Bitcoin (4:05:34) – Two chairs dilemma (4:12:14) – Children (4:23:24) – Father (4:27:55) – Quantum immortality (4:34:27) – Kafka PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

Norman Ohler is a historian and author of “Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich,” a book that investigates the role of psychoactive drugs, particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine, in the military history of World War II. It is a book that two legendary historians Ian Kershaw and Antony Beevor give very high praise for its depth of research. Norman also wrote “Tripped: Nazi Germany, the CIA, and the Dawn of the Psychedelic Age”, and he is working on a new book “Stoned Sapiens” looking at the history of human civilization through the lens of drugs. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep481-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep481-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/norman-ohler-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/norman-ohler-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Stoned Sapiens Substack: https://substack.com/@stonedsapiens [https://substack.com/@stonedsapiens] Norman’s X: https://x.com/normanohler [https://x.com/normanohler] Norman’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/normanohler [https://www.instagram.com/normanohler] Norman’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Norman-Ohler [https://www.youtube.com/@Norman-Ohler] Norman’s Website: https://www.normanohler.de [https://www.normanohler.de] Norman’s books: https://amzn.to/46uNS18 [https://amzn.to/46uNS18] Blitzed: https://amzn.to/4mmY2XC [https://amzn.to/4mmY2XC] The Bohemians: https://amzn.to/3KubPhK [https://amzn.to/3KubPhK] Tripped: https://amzn.to/4nEy7eX [https://amzn.to/4nEy7eX] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/uplift_desk-ep481-sc] Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep481-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep481-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep481-sc] Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/hampton-ep481-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:09) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:00) – Drugs in post-WWI Germany (19:18) – Nazi rise to power (23:45) – Hitler’s drug use (29:37) – Response to historian criticism (46:16) – Pervitin (1:00:15) – Blitzkrieg and meth (1:18:52) – Erwin Rommel (Crystal Fox) (1:23:02) – Dunkirk (1:31:06) – Hitler’s drug addiction (1:47:03) – Methamphetamine (1:48:57) – Invasion of Soviet Union (2:07:54) – Cocaine (2:16:49) – Hitler’s last days (2:36:48) – German resistance against Nazis (2:58:59) – Totalitarianism (3:04:09) – Stoned Sapiens – Drugs in human history (3:19:20) – Religion (3:30:09) – LSD, CIA, and MKUltra (3:55:39) – Writing on drugs (4:08:40) – Berlin night clubs (4:19:14) – Greatest book ever written

Dave Hone is a paleontologist, expert on dinosaurs, co-host of the Terrible Lizards podcast, and author of numerous scientific papers and books on the behavior and ecology of dinosaurs. He lectures at Queen Mary University of London on topics of Ecology, Zoology, Biology, and Evolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep480-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep480-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dave-hone-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/dave-hone-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Dave’s Website: https://www.davehone.co.uk/ [https://www.davehone.co.uk/] Dave’s Books: https://amzn.to/4pbk828 [https://amzn.to/4pbk828] Terrible Lizards Podcast: https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/ [https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/] Dave’s Blog: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/ [https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/] Dave’s Academic Website: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html [https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lindy-ep480-sc] BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep480-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep480-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep480-sc] AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep480-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:22) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:18) – T-Rex’s size & biomechanics (31:00) – T-Rex’s hunting strategies (44:07) – History of dinosaurs on Earth (1:04:38) – $31.8 million T-Rex fossil (1:17:44) – T-Rex’s skull and bone-crushing bite force (1:36:33) – What Jurassic Park got wrong (1:54:52) – Evolution and sexual selection (2:15:26) – Spinosaurus (2:26:02) – What Jurassic Park got right (2:33:35) – T-Rex’s intelligence (2:43:34) – Cannibalism among T-Rex (2:49:05) – Extinction of the dinosaurs (3:06:15) – Dragons (3:22:39) – Birds are dinosaurs (3:33:23) – Future of paleontology PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

Dave Plummer is a programmer, former Microsoft software engineer (Windows 95, NT, XP), creator of Task Manager, author of two books on autism, and host of the Dave’s Garage YouTube channel, where he shares stories from his career, insights on software development, and deep dives into technology. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep479-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep479-sc] See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Dave’s X: https://x.com/davepl1968 [https://x.com/davepl1968] Dave’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@DavesGarage [https://www.youtube.com/@DavesGarage] Dave’s Secondary YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@davepl [https://www.youtube.com/@davepl] Dave’s GitHub: https://github.com/PlummersSoftwareLLC [https://github.com/PlummersSoftwareLLC] Dave’s Books: https://amzn.to/41qd5IB [https://amzn.to/41qd5IB] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/uplift_desk-ep479-sc] ZocDoc: App that helps patients find healthcare providers. Go to https://zocdoc.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/zocdoc-ep479-sc] Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep479-sc] Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ [https://lexfridman.com/s/allio_capital-ep479-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep479-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:16) – First computer (15:54) – Dropping out of high-school (23:35) – Joining Microsoft (25:47) – MS-DOS (28:59) – Windows 95 (35:46) – The man behind Windows (40:42) – Debugging (45:59) – Task Manager (51:08) – 3D Pinball: Space Cadet (56:07) – Start menu and taskbar (1:07:06) – Blue Screen of Death (1:09:15) – Best programmers (1:17:16) – Scariest time of Dave’s life (1:24:44) – Best Windows version (1:26:34) – Slot machines (1:30:17) – Autism and ADHD (1:49:37) – Fastest programming language (1:53:42) – Future of programming PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

Scott Horton is the director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, co-host of Provoked, and for the past three decades a staunch critic of U.S. military interventionism. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep478-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep478-sc] See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Supplemental Notes & Corrections: https://lexfridman.com/scott-horton-links-and-notes/ [https://lexfridman.com/scott-horton-links-and-notes/] Scott’s X: https://x.com/scotthortonshow [https://x.com/scotthortonshow] Scott Horton Show: https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow [https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow] Provoked Show: https://youtube.com/@Provoked_Show [https://youtube.com/@Provoked_Show] Scott’s Substack: https://scotthortonshow.com/ [https://scotthortonshow.com/] Scott’s Website: https://scotthorton.org/ [https://scotthorton.org/] Scott’s Books: https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y [https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y] Libertarian Institute: https://libertarianinstitute.org/ [https://libertarianinstitute.org/] Antiwar.com: https://antiwar.com/ [https://antiwar.com/] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ [https://lexfridman.com/s/allio_capital-ep478-sc] Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/hampton-ep478-sc] BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep478-sc] AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep478-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:35) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:14) – From the Cold War to the War on Terror (1:02:13) – Iraq War 1 (1:30:17) – Bin Laden (2:29:39) – Afghanistan War (2:44:35) – Iraq War 2 (3:10:59) – Military Industrial Complex (3:50:25) – Scott’s life story (4:20:15) – Iraq War 2 (continued) (5:11:43) – Syria (6:05:01) – Iraq War 3 (6:17:28) – Somalia (6:22:56) – Iran (7:12:41) – Israel-Palestine (9:02:19) – Cold War 2.0 PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]