Particles of Thought

Full Interview: T. rex to Birds

Steve Brusatte has the dirt on dinosaurs and joins Hakeem to trace the full 100-million-year history of the tyrannosaur dynasty, the asteroid that ended it, and the remarkable truth that dinosaurs never actually disappeared. One small lineage survived to become every bird alive today, and Steve walks through the long and contested scientific history of how we came to understand that connection. He also shares what it was like to serve as the official paleontology consultant on the Jurassic World films, and how to find the balance between science and cinema. Make sure to subscribe now so you never miss an episode. Learn more about NOVA [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/] and visit our YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjHz5SVHeMT0AViCYZvsGDA]channel. -------------------------- Guest Bio Steve Brusatte is a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, where he leads a research group studying dinosaur evolution and the history of life on Earth. He is the author of several acclaimed books, including The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs and The Story of Birds, and has served as a paleontology consultant on the Jurassic World film franchise. He will be featured in NOVA's upcoming five-part documentary series Evolution, coming fall 2026.

Real World vs “Jurassic World"

Steve Brusatte, a real paleontologist, contributed to the Jurassic World franchise, but what really happens when science meets cinema? In this episode, Steve joins Hakeem to discuss what that paleontology consultant role actually looks like, how he navigates the tension between scientific accuracy and Hollywood storytelling, and what the films have gotten increasingly right about dinosaurs over the years. They also dig into which documentaries offer the most accurate modern picture of dinosaurs, how AI is beginning to reshape paleontology, and what Steve would love to see in a future Jurassic film. Make sure to subscribe now so you never miss an episode.  Learn more about NOVA [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/] and visit our YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjHz5SVHeMT0AViCYZvsGDA]channel. -------------------------- Guest Bio: Steve Brusatte is a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, where he leads a research group studying dinosaur evolution and the history of life on Earth. He is the author of several acclaimed books, including The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs and The Story of Birds, and has served as a paleontology consultant on the Jurassic World film franchise. He will be featured in NOVA's upcoming five-part documentary series Evolution, coming fall 2026.

How Birds Survived the Asteroid

Steve Brusatte knows every bird today is a living dinosaur, and as a paleontologist, he can tell you how that happened. Steve joins Hakeem to walk through the catastrophic asteroid impact 66 million years ago that ended the age of T. rex, and to explain why one small, beaked, seed-eating lineage was the only branch of the dinosaur family tree to survive. He traces the long and contested scientific history of the bird-dinosaur connection and the discovery by Chinese farmers in the 1990s that finally settled the debate. The age of dinosaurs did not end with the asteroid. It transformed. Make sure to subscribe now so you never miss an episode. Learn more about NOVA [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/] and visit our YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjHz5SVHeMT0AViCYZvsGDA]channel. -------------------------- Guest Bio: Steve Brusatte is a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, where he leads a research group studying dinosaur evolution and the history of life on Earth. He is the author of several acclaimed books, including The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs and The Story of Birds, and has served as a paleontology consultant on the Jurassic World film franchise. He will be featured in NOVA's upcoming five-part documentary series Evolution, coming fall 2026.

T. rex Family Secrets

Steve Brusatte says T. rex wasn’t always the king, and as a paleontologist, he has spent his career uncovering how it got to the top of the food chain. Steve joins Hakeem to trace the full 100-million-year history of the tyrannosaur family, from its surprisingly small and nimble origins to the bone-crushing apex predator that ruled the end of the Cretaceous. They discuss how T. rex was not just a creature of brawn but also of remarkable intelligence, with keen senses of smell and hearing that made it the ultimate predator of its time. Along the way, they explore the diversity of tyrannosaur cousins including the long-snouted “Pinocchio rex” discovered on a Chinese construction site, and how shifting climates, mass extinctions, and continental drift shaped the dynasty's rise over millions of years. Make sure to subscribe now so you never miss an episode. Learn more about NOVA [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/] and visit our YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjHz5SVHeMT0AViCYZvsGDA]channel. -------------------------- Guest Bio: Steve Brusatte is a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, where he leads a research group studying dinosaur evolution and the history of life on Earth. He is the author of several acclaimed books, including The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs and The Story of Birds, and has served as a paleontology consultant on the Jurassic World film franchise. He will be featured in NOVA's upcoming five-part documentary series Evolution, coming fall 2026.

Full Interview: Dark Matter = Black Holes?

David Kaiser thinks the dark matter puzzle is getting closer to being solved.  Nearly a century of observations, from galaxy clusters to the cosmic microwave background, have built a compelling case for dark matter's existence, but in recent years, the leading candidates for this mysterious matter have been coming up short..  Enter black holes. Tiny ones. David explains how so-called primordial black holes that formed in the first moments after the Big Bang could possibly be all our dark matter… if they exist at all. Fortunately, this is a testable theory, and David explains the exciting new experiments that could potentially lay this cosmic mystery to rest.  Make sure to subscribe now so you never miss an episode. Learn more about NOVA [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/] and visit our YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjHz5SVHeMT0AViCYZvsGDA]channel. -------------------------- Guest Bio: David Kaiser is a professor of physics and the history of science at MIT. His research spans the history of modern physics, cosmology, and the foundations of quantum theory. He is the author of several books, including How the Hippies Saved Physics, and is a frequent contributor to public conversations about science and its history.