Bayan ul Quran - English, by Dr. Israr Ahmed (رحمه الله)

100 - Al-'adiyat ( Those That Run ) - سورة العاديات

100 - Al-'adiyat ( Those That Run ) - سورة العاديات Themes and purpose: This surah opens with oaths to affirm the profound ingratitude and excessive love of wealth inherent in humankind. Its purpose is to warn the ungrateful of the Day of Judgment, when the contents of the graves will be brought forth and the secrets of the hearts will be revealed and judged. Context of Revelation: Era: The consensus of early scholars (Ibn Masʿūd, Jābir ibn Zayd) considers it Makkan. However, the compelling narrative that it was revealed following a specific raid led by al-Mundhir ibn ʿAmr suggests a Madinan origin, which is also a strong position. Context: The reported context is a specific military expedition that went missing for a month, leading the hypocrites to claim the expedition had been annihilated. The surah was revealed to confirm the army's safety and success.

099 - Az-Zalzalah ( The Earthquake ) - سورة الزلزلة

Themes and purpose: This Makkan surah is primarily dedicated to proving the certainty of the Resurrection and divine recompense. Its purpose is to describe the terrifying signs of the Hour, particularly the earth’s confession, and to establish the principle of absolute, meticulous accountability for deeds, even those the size of an atom. 099 - Az-Zalzalah ( The Earthquake ) - سورة الزلزلة Context of Revelation: Era: Makkan according to the soundest view. Context: The surah was revealed to counter the polytheists' denial of the Resurrection and their mockery of the idea that their scattered bodies could be gathered for judgment.

098 - Al-Bayyinah ( The Clear Evidence ) - سورة البينة

098 - Al-Bayyinah ( The Clear Evidence ) - سورة البينة Themes and purpose: This Madinan surah primarily seeks to rebuke the People of the Book and the polytheists for rejecting the Prophet (ﷺ) despite the clear evidence of his genuineness. Its purpose is to affirm that the core of all divine messages is sincere Monotheism and to establish the eternal division between the rejecters (the worst of creation) and the Believers (the best of creation). Context of Revelation: Era: The more accurate view is that it is Madinan. Its revelation is placed in the late 3rd or early 4th year AH. Context: The surah was revealed to address the situation in Madinah where the Jews and Christians, despite having prophecies of the Prophet's coming, refused to accept him once he arrived, revealing their true intentions.

097 - Al-Qadr ( The Night of Decree ) - سورة القدر

097 - Al-Qadr ( The Night of Decree ) - سورة القدر Themes and purpose: This surah is dedicated to affirming the immense dignity and power of the Quran. Its purpose is to elevate the status of the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr), confirming that the descent of the revelation and the angels during this single night is a grace greater than an entire lifetime of worship. Context of Revelation: Era: There are strong arguments for it being either Makkan or Madinan, but the majority opinion is that it is Makkan. Context: The surah was revealed to inform the Muslims of the immense virtue of the night in which the Quran was sent down, encouraging them to seek it out through devotion.

096 - Al-'alaq ( The Clot ) - سورة العلق

096 - Al-'alaq ( The Clot ) - سورة العلق Themes and purpose: This Makkan surah is the first revealed. Its purpose is to command the Prophet (ﷺ) to read and convey the message, establishing the dignity of knowledge and the Pen. It affirms Allah as the sole Creator and warns the arrogant human who denies his Lord and attempts to prevent others from prayer and guidance. Context of Revelation: Era: Makkan by consensus. Context: The first part was revealed to initiate the Prophet’s (ﷺ) mission, instructing him to recite. Ayahs 6-19 were revealed later to address the arrogance of a specific disbeliever (likely Abū Jahl) who attempted to prevent the Prophet (ﷺ) from praying.