Meta & Fysikken

Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 114: Klima-status.

Vi tager lige en status på klimaet, her Oktober 2025. 1: Ocean Warming 2: Koralrev 3:Tipping Points 4: Permafrost i Rusland 5: Hvad gør vi med den CO2 vi indfanger? 6: Fuel Cells / Green Hydrogen plant 7: Kelp Farming in Norway ------------------------------------------------ 1 : Ocean warming :  https://www.sciencealert.com/ocean-warming-threatens-microbe-that-makes-nearly-a-third-of-earths-oxygen [https://www.sciencealert.com/ocean-warming-threatens-microbe-that-makes-nearly-a-third-of-earths-oxygen] Jeff Berardelli (meterolog USA): It's hard to overstate just how off the charts warm the Pacific is right now. The swath of the basin from California to Japan (a HUGE area) from 25N to 60N is ~3F (1.6C) above normal. To put it into math terms that is 6 Sigma/ standard deviations above the mean. I won't bother calculating the chances of this happening against the late 20th century climate - let alone the pre-industrial climate - because the numbers would show it simply could never happen without global warming. So let's talk about why this is happening. Since the last El Nino a couple of years ago the ocean has been rearranging its warm/cool water, as it typically does as a normal part of it's natural oscillation. (This summer a record ridge/ heat dome was parked over the N Pacific). But each next time this configuration lines up (warm north Pacific/ cool tropical Pacific) it piles on a higher and higher baseline temperature over time due to greenhouse warming, air pollution reduction, and the feedbacks (clouds & direct insolation) of both. So we end up with the bottom chart which shows the standardized anomaly (departure from normal) is sloping upward at a very unnatural and alarming rate. 2: Koralrev https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/klima/ny-rapport-det-er-saa-godt-som-uundgaaeligt-verdens-koralrev-kollapser [https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/klima/ny-rapport-det-er-saa-godt-som-uundgaaeligt-verdens-koralrev-kollapser] https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/oejenaabner-genopretning-af-koraller-kan-ikke-redde-verdens-rev/ [https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/oejenaabner-genopretning-af-koraller-kan-ikke-redde-verdens-rev/] 3: Tipping Points https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/tipping-points-lyder-skraemmende-men-der-er-haab-endnu/ [https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/tipping-points-lyder-skraemmende-men-der-er-haab-endnu/] 4: Permafrost i Rusland: https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/klimabombe-i-rusland-danske-forskere-advarer-om-alvorlig-mangel-paa-viden [https://videnskab.dk/naturvidenskab/klimabombe-i-rusland-danske-forskere-advarer-om-alvorlig-mangel-paa-viden] Også: Eksploderende Methan gas i Siberien: https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-giant-exploding-craters-in-siberia-may-finally-be-explained [https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-giant-exploding-craters-in-siberia-may-finally-be-explained] 5:Hvad gør vi med den CO2 vi indfanger https://videnskab.dk/teknologi/hvad-goer-vi-med-den-co2-vi-fanger/ [https://videnskab.dk/teknologi/hvad-goer-vi-med-den-co2-vi-fanger/] Vi sender noget af den tilbage til oliefelterne vi har tømt i de danske farvande. Kilde: Royalt halløj ---------------------------- 6: Tysklands største Hydrogen fabrik: Germany's largest commercial renewable hydrogen factory is the 10 MW plant in Schwäbisch Gmünd, opened by Lhyfe in October 2025. The facility can produce up to 4 tons of renewable hydrogen per day and is Lhyfe's largest outside of France. While it's the largest operational commercial plant, there are larger-scale projects planned for the future in Germany, such as a 130 MW plant planned for Prenzlau by ENERTRAG.  https://engineerine.com/largest-green-hydrogen-plant/ [https://engineerine.com/largest-green-hydrogen-plant/] https://www.lhyfe.com/press/lhyfe-inaugurates-germanys-largest-commercial-renewable-hydrogen-production-site-in-baden-wurttemberg-to-distribute-rfnbo-certified-hydrogen-to-a-range-of-players/ [https://www.lhyfe.com/press/lhyfe-inaugurates-germanys-largest-commercial-renewable-hydrogen-production-site-in-baden-wurttemberg-to-distribute-rfnbo-certified-hydrogen-to-a-range-of-players/] A green hydrogen factory is good for the climate because it can be produced using renewable energy, with zero greenhouse gas emissions, and can replace fossil fuels in sectors that are hard to electrify, like heavy industry. When used in a fuel cell, hydrogen only releases water vapor and warm air, making it a clean energy carrier that can also store and deliver renewable energy.  # Hydrogen Fuel Cell makes electricity directly. They also produce water vapor, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide] and other emissions. ------------------------- 7: Kelp farming in Norway https://www.dnv.com/news/2024/new-seaweed-farm-off-the-norwegian-coast-seeks-to-remove-co2-from-the-atmosphere-252006/ [https://www.dnv.com/news/2024/new-seaweed-farm-off-the-norwegian-coast-seeks-to-remove-co2-from-the-atmosphere-252006/] -------------------------------- 8: State of Climate Action 2025: https://www.wri.org/research/state-climate-action-2025 [https://www.wri.org/research/state-climate-action-2025] " It finds that recent progress toward 1.5°C-aligned targets has largely failed to materialize at the required pace and scale and highlights where action must accelerate this decade to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, scale up carbon removal and increase climate finance." " Although more than three-quarters of indicators are heading in the right direction, progress is alarmingly inadequate, exposing communities, economies and ecosystems to unacceptable risks. Global efforts across 29 indicators are “well off track,” such that at least a twofold—and for most, more than a fourfold—acceleration will be required this decade to keep the 1.5°C limit within reach. " Getting on track for 2030 and staying on track for 2035 demands an enormous acceleration of efforts across every sector. The world must, for example: Phase out coal more than ten times faster — equivalent to retiring nearly 360 average-sized coal-fired power plants each year and halting all projects in the pipeline. Reduce deforestation nine times faster. Current levels are far too high — roughly equivalent to permanently losing nearly 22 football (soccer) fields of forest every minute in 2024. Expand rapid transit networks five times faster — equivalent to building at least 1,400 km (870 miles) of light rail, metro and bus lanes annually. Lower consumption of beef, lamb and goat meat in high-consuming regions five times faster — equivalent to reducing consumption by 2 or fewer servings per week in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Scale technological carbon dioxide removal more than ten times faster — equivalent to building nine of the largest direct air capture facilities currently under construction each month. Increase climate finance by nearly $1 trillion annually — equivalent to roughly two-thirds of public fossil fuel finance in 2023.

Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 113: Deep State! Hvor ender vores personlige data egentlig henne?

Idag tager vi et langt og “unscripted” tilløb til lidt om kometer, som var det vi egentlig havde forberedt. Men vi kom igang ude på et helt andet spor. Så hvis du sidder og KUN er interesseret i det om kometer, så kan du skippe frem til 33:50, hvor vi kommer ind på kometer på nattehimlen. Inden da taler vi om Karina’s ansøgning om tysk statsborgerskab, de oplysninger myndighederne kræver, hvor mon disse oplysninger ender henne? - og vi kommer ind på Deep State og masseovervågning i det hele taget. Her er Karinas forberedte noter til dagens afsnit:

Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 112: Hvad sker der på Mars for tiden? Og hvad med NASA?

I dette afsnit taler vi om de nyeste opdagelser på Mars. Man har set leopard-prikker. Disse prikker kan normalt være tegn på mikroskopisk liv, eller ihvertfald tegn på at der har været liv. I en eller anden form… Og så er NASA underlagt kyniske besparelser, hvis disse gennemføres i den amerikanske kongres. Hvilken betydning får dette eventuelt? Her er Karina’s noter til dagens afsnit. liv på Mars: https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-says-mars-rover-discovered-potential-biosignature-last-year/ [https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-says-mars-rover-discovered-potential-biosignature-last-year/?utm_source=FBPAGE&utm_medium=NASA+-+National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&utm_campaign=NASASocial&linkId=859489343] Perseverence rover er placeret i en udtørret flod, fordi man mente at der der ville være størst chance for at finde tegn på liv.  Se billedet af leopardpletterne.  Der har man fundet organisk kemi (carbon / Oxygen / Hydrogen forbindelser) og mineraler (Jern og Sulfat), som her på Jorden har en mikrobiologisk oprindelse.  Andre ikke biologiske processer der kunne lave disse mineraler: -Høj temperatur. Men de kemiske analyser viser at dette er/var et lav temperatur miljø -Syre baseret miljø, men det tyder det ikke på at det var fra de andre kemiske ting. Den bedste forklaring er lige nu at det er biologisk oprindelse, som er omkring fire milliarder år gamle. Videnskabelig artikel lægger op til diskussion: »Men fordi det er på Mars, hvor der jo ikke kendes liv i dag, kan vi ikke med 100 procent sikkerhed sige, at dette er et bevis på tidligere liv på Mars. Men vi kan sige, at vi ikke har kunnet finde andre forklaringer på vores data, end at der har været liv på Mars,« Vi vil gerne have prøver tilbage til Jorden for at analysere.  Kan der være liv på Mars i dag? Måske har det udviklet sig efter forholdene eller gravet sig ned til bedre forhold da overfladen på Mars blev for barsk. En anden artikel fra 2023 om fund a carbon molekyler.  https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-detect-intriguing-new-signals-of-organic-molecules-on-mars [https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-detect-intriguing-new-signals-of-organic-molecules-on-mars] ---------------------------------------- Er Mars geologisk gold? https://www.sciencealert.com/colossal-discovery-on-mars-could-drive-surging-magma-under-the-surface [https://www.sciencealert.com/colossal-discovery-on-mars-could-drive-surging-magma-under-the-surface] Mars has shown very convincing signs of being geologically dead, inside and out. Its relatively old surface [https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3292] – seeming to lack recent volcanic resurfacing and tectonic motion – and absence of a global magnetic field have been held up as reasons to think there's little else but firm, motionless rock all the way down to the core. Recent observations have poked significant holes in the notion of a completely dead Mars. There was a meteorite from Mars that made its way to Earth that showed signs of mantle convection as recently as around half a billion years ago [https://www.sciencealert.com/an-ancient-meteorite-is-the-first-chemical-evidence-of-volcanic-activity-on-mars] for example. Then satellite photos revealed evidence of volcanic surface deposits [https://www.sciencealert.com/volcanoes-on-mars-could-be-active-raising-the-chances-of-recent-habitability] as young as 50,000 years old in a fissure system called the Cerberus Fossae. And then Mars InSight, a lander monitoring the Mars interior since November 2018, revealed significant ongoing seismic activity consistent with volcanism [https://www.sciencealert.com/deep-rumbles-on-mars-hint-at-volcanic-magma-seething-below-the-surface]. There have been a few other odd observations. The local gravity field of the Elysium Planitia, for example, is unusually strong, consistent with some sort of subsurface activity [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103521003924?via%3Dihub]. Så der er mulgivis magma / flydende sten under overfladen. ------------------------------------------- Lad os få et overblik over NASA's Mars aktivitet: https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/ [https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/] Last thing to land was Perserverence, which was in 30.07.2020 (5 years!) ---------------------------------------------- https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/ [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/] 1. Disse rumsonder og rovere er i spil [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#1-disse-rumsonder-og-rovere-er-i-spil] 2. Sådan holdes kontakten med Mars [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#2-sadan-holdes-kontakten-med-mars] 3. Vejret på Mars følges tæt [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#3-vejret-pa-mars-folges-taet] 4. Mars-atmosfæren blæser væk [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#4-mars-atmosfaeren-blaeser-vaek] 5. Mars har flere ozonlag [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#5-mars-har-flere-ozonlag] 6. Der er vand på Mars [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#6-der-er-vand-pa-mars] 7. Metan er et mysterium [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#7-metan-er-et-mysterium] 8. Mars har polarlys [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#8-mars-har-polarlys] 9. Mars kan følges live [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#9-mars-kan-folges-live] 10. Vi aner ikke, hvordan Mars' måner opstod [https://videnskab.dk/rummet/10-ting-du-ikke-vidste-om-mars/#10-vi-aner-ikke-hvordan-mars-maner-opstod] https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-asteroid-unleashed-a-devastating-martian-megatsunami-evidence-suggests [https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-asteroid-unleashed-a-devastating-martian-megatsunami-evidence-suggests]

Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 111: I3 ATLAS, aktuel status for videnskaben og lidt AI

1: I3 / ATLAS Her er også en animation af kometens bane: https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/3i-atlas/ [https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/3i-atlas/] Tættest på Solen 120 mio. km (lige inden for Mars' bane) d.30.10.  Vi (Jorden) er på den modsatte side a Solen fra kometen. Solen skygger ikke for kometen, for den har en bane som er 5° fra Ecliptica (vores planet bane-plan) JWST / WEBB Observations of I3/ATLAS: Min gamle kontor makker i Belfast: Martin Cordiner Han har også lavet en times langt interview her på Youtube (Engelsk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxLqswSKmOs [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxLqswSKmOs] Sammensætning: Ret meget CO2 i forhold the H2O CO2 går fra fast form (is) til gas form (luft) ved lavere temperaturer end H2O, så det kan være at det ændrer sig som kometen bliver varmet op. CO også til stede, men CO går på gas form allerede ved 20° Kelvin. Alder: 7-14 milliarder år (universet er ~13.8). Man kan ikke sige med sikkerhed, før at man har en fysisk prøve fra den og kan kigge på isotoperne (de har henfaldstider som kan hjælpe til at datere ting). Denne alder er bestemt ud fra dens bevægelse, som er blevet simuleret af en gruppe fra Oxford: https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/news/third-ever-detection-interstellar-object [https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/news/third-ever-detection-interstellar-object] Denne analyse peger på at kometen kan tilhøre en gruppe stjerner i vores mælkevej som er meget gamle. Form: Først troet at være ~20 km.  Det er fordi den er så lysstærk. Det er nu blevet nedjusteret til ~3km Den havde tidligere en aflang klump gas der blev kastet ud i Solens retning. Det var ikke en hale i den forstand, men mere en ujævn optøning. Den har nu en normal hale der peger væk fra solen. https://www.esa.int/esearch?q=I3%2FATLAS [https://www.esa.int/esearch?q=I3%2FATLAS] https://www.sciencealert.com/4-powerful-telescopes-agree-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-really-is-bizarre [https://www.sciencealert.com/4-powerful-telescopes-agree-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-really-is-bizarre] ------------------ Nej det er ikke ALIENS. I gamle dage fyldte man huller i viden med Gud (dette kaldes "God of the Gaps"). I dag er det Aliens.  ------------------------------------- 2 : Gamma glimt: https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/news/eso2514/?lang [https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/news/eso2514/?lang] Normale Gamma glimt er et lys glimt der strækker sig over tid. Vi skynder os at pege teleskoperne hen mod glimtet for at observere hvorfra det kommer og få det sidste af lysglimtets lyskurve med.  Vi har observeret gamma glimt i omkring 50 år. Et glimt varer omkring Millisekunder til et par minutter. De opstår blandt andet når tunge stjerner dør ved voldsomme eksplosioner, eller når de flås i stykker af sorte huller. GRB 250702B varede omkring en dag. (100-1000 gange længere end normalt) "Vigtigere er det, at gammaglimt aldrig gentager sig, fordi det, som forårsager dem er en ødelæggende katastrofe," siger Matrin-Carrillo. Medforfatter Albert Sneppen fra Niels Bohr Institutet tilføjer: "Vi ser nu en sådan ødelæggende begivenheder gentage sig, og endnu mere bemærkelsesværdigt gør den det tilsyneladende periodisk. En serie kosmiske ødelæggelser, som gentager sig med en periode på hvert 47ende minut. Periodiciteten er også spændende, fordi den måske peger på en kredsløbsperiode - og det peger så igen i retning af en hvid dværg, som bliver revet itu af et intermediært tungt sort hul (En slags begivenhed, som vi aldrig har set før)." "Vi er stadig ikke klar over, hvad årsagen til dette her var, men vi har taget et stort skridt fremad imod at forstå det her meget usædvanlige og spændende forløb," siger Martin-Carrillo.  Observationerne gav kun en nogenlunde position for GRBen, i retning af vores galakses plan, hvor det vrimler med stjerner.  Opfølgende observationer med VLT [https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/] kunne da placere lyskilden til at være i en anden galakse. -------------------------------------  3: Black Hole Star https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/the-james-webb-telescope-may-have-discovered-a-brand-new-class-of-cosmic-object-the-black-hole-star [https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/the-james-webb-telescope-may-have-discovered-a-brand-new-class-of-cosmic-object-the-black-hole-star] Med James Webb space telescope har man observeret små røde prikker. De er fra da uninverset kun var 1.8 Milliarder år gammelt og lyset har altså været undervejs næsten 12 milliarder år. Der har været flere teorier om hvad det kunne være, men de har ikke været tilstrækkelige. Den nyeste forklaring er at de er Sort hul Stjerner.  This newly hypothesized object would essentially be a black hole feeding so rapidly that it lights up the thick cocoon of gas surrounding it, making it glow like a star.  A black hole star can be thought of as a hot object wrapped inside an ultra thick blanket. "We are not sure yet how they evolve into the black hole population that we see today," de Graaff noted. "Because the number of little red dots decreases toward later cosmic times, it must be a short-lived phase." Next, the team will use JWST to study brighter little red dots to understand the detailed structure of black hole stars. If little red dots are, in fact, black hole stars, it could solve another puzzle. If black hole stars could grow at extremely rapid rates, it could explain the emergence of supermassive black holes [https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/shocking-black-hole-found-growing-at-2-4-times-the-theoretical-limit] very early in the universe. ------------------- 4: Is the internet deteriorating? "While precise figures vary by study and methodology, recent data from early-to-mid 2025 suggests that AI-generated content makes up a significant portion of the internet, with some sources estimating over 30-40% of text on active webpages and even projecting that nearly half of all content could be AI-generated. Some experts and reports predict that the percentage is rapidly growing and could reach 90% of all online content by 2026 or mid-2025. "   ————- 5: Kig efter Stjerneskud 21.10 Den kraftigste sværm Orioniderne, som peaker 21. oktober, skyldes støvkorn og småsten efterladt af Halleys Komet. Orioniderne giver typisk knapt halvt så mange stjerneskud som Perseiderne, men da deres maksimum i år falder sammen med nymåne, vil jeg faktisk vurdere chancerne for at se stjerneskud til at være lige så gode. -------------- Attachments area Preview YouTube video 3I/ATLAS Update: JWST Reveals Its Composition | with Martin Cordiner [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxLqswSKmOs&authuser=0]

Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 110: Empati - Hvad betyder det egentlig?

En lidt længere sommer special, hvor vi dykker ned i noget der måske kan være lidt sværere at slå to streger under. Facit er ikke så eksakt! Her er Karinas noter til dagens afsnit: Empati Definition: The ability to imagine oneself as another person is a sophisticated process. However, the basic capacity to recognize emotions in others may be innate[5] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy#cite_note-Baird,_James_D.,_and_Laurie_Nadel,_2010-5] and may be achieved unconsciously. Empathy is not all-or-nothing; rather, a person can be more or less empathic toward another and empirical research supports a variety of interventions that are able to improve empathy From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy] Man kan skelne mellem  Empati: Evnen til at forstå og dele andre følelser. At sætte sig selv i en anden persons sted. Man føler det samme som dem man har empati med. (Man kan ikke have empati med sig selv). Medfølelse: At man føler med nogen (man føler ikke det samme. Ens medfølelse er rettet mod en person og de følelser de har). Sympati: At man har sympati for nogen.  Der er meget konflikt i disse definitioner, jeg tror heller ikke at der er hårde linier imellem de forskellige begreber. Fælles er at man forstår et andet menneske. Evnen til Empati er indfødt i os.  Mirror Neurons: Er ikke nogen bestemte neuroner. Når man laver en handling, så lyser bestemte steder i hjernen op. Når man ser nogen andre gøre disse samme handlinger, så lyser disse steder i hjernen igen op. Det er en spejling og disse neuroner kaldes spejl-neuroner.  Dette ses både i dyr og mennesker.  Selve dettte system bunder nok i hvordan vi lærer fra andre. We model the people around us and other people model from us.  Den sociale Hjerne: We are wired to see faces. We are looking for social connection / social safety. Social Pain - feels like physical pain Social good feelings - activate pleasure paths in the brain => which gives us social sensitivity.  Hvad er Empati biokemisk set? The neurobiology of empathy involves a complex interplay of brain regions and neurotransmitters, notably oxytocin, which enhances social cognition and empathy. Mirror neurons, found in the premotor and parietal cortices, are also crucial for understanding and sharing actions and emotions with others. Empathy is linked to various brain areas, including the limbic system, and involves both positive and negative emotions Key aspects of the neurochemistry of empathy: Oxytocin: This neuropeptide is a "morality molecule" that promotes social bonding, love, and empathy. Mirror Neurons: These specialized neurons fire when we perform an action or when we observe someone else performing the same action, contributing to our understanding of others' intentions and actions. Limbic System: This area of the brain, responsible for emotions and bonding, plays a significant role in empathy. Prefrontal Cortex: Areas like the dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex are involved in cognitive empathy, allowing us to understand and interpret others' mental states. Other Neurotransmitters: While oxytocin is prominent, other neurotransmitters and hormones, like cortisol, also influence social interactions and empathy. Genetics: A small percentage of the variation in empathy between individuals is due to genetic factors ------------------------------------- Degeres of Empaty Man kan være mere eller mindre empatisk over for andre. Ofte har vi et Bias, som hindrer os i at føle med alle. BIASES Empathy is triggered -If something is right in front of us -If something is familiar to us / family -If something resonates with past experiences ... These we call bright spots.  We all have blind spots. Extending Empathy (growing your empathy) is giving attention and focus to blind spots. -People you tend to avoid => often because they are difficult to understand/empathize with, because they and their experiences are different from you.  => More effort needed to understand and the brain/ppl are lazy.  Empaty Gap: An empathy gap, sometimes referred to as an empathy bias, is a breakdown or reduction in empathy [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy] (the ability to recognize, understand, and share another's thoughts and feelings) where it might otherwise be expected to occur. Empathy gaps may occur due to a failure in the process of empathizing[1] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_gap#cite_note-1] or as a consequence of stable personality characteristics,[2] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_gap#cite_note-2][3] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_gap#cite_note-3][4] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy_gap#cite_note-4] and may reflect either a lack of ability or motivation to empathize. Empathy gaps can be interpersonal (toward others) or intrapersonal (toward the self, e.g. when predicting one's own future preferences). A great deal of social psychological research has focused on intergroup empathy gaps, their underlying psychological and neural mechanisms, and their implications for downstream behavior (e.g. prejudice toward outgroup members). Film/Bøger er Empathy machines!  There are 2 separate sets of empathy networks in the brain 1) Feeling: Mirroring emotions and reading emotions. Imagine intensely what is being felt. (zooming in - can be overwhelming) 2) Thinking: Mentalizing the though of another. Why are there these feelings? (zooming out - distancing your emotions by factualizing) -------------------------------------------------- EVERYTHING STARTS WITH ATTENTION / OPMÆRKSOMHED! Uden det kan man slet ikke starte empatien. Less empathy in the world, perhaps because we give our attention away to our phones.  ------------------------------------ Empathy is what enables you to understand another point of view.  A polarized society has a lack of empathy.  —————————————- Selvom vi med rette ser empati som et personlighedstræk, er det også en evne, der kan blive aktiveret gennem sociale oplevelser.  Når vi identificerer os med en gruppe ofre, fornemmer vi et 'vi' [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1982-12052-001], der knytter os til medlemmerne af gruppen.Vi ved, at både empati [https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28077/chapter-abstract/212117633?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false] og identifikation med en anden gruppe fremmer positive relationer [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19857004/] til andre. https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/kan-man-blive-mere-empatisk-af-at-besoege-mindesmaerker-for-folkedrab/ [https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/kan-man-blive-mere-empatisk-af-at-besoege-mindesmaerker-for-folkedrab/] "Vi fandt, at undervisningen om holocaust og turen til Auschwitz øgede elevernes tendens [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17504902.2024.2383084] til at identificere sig med og tage jødernes perspektiv sammenlignet med de elever, der ikke deltog. Begge grupper udviste dog lige stor empatisk bekymring." -------------------------------------------------- Psykopater og mangel på empati. Et forsøg med Psykopater og alm. mennesker: Deres hjerner scannet mens at de så nogen komme til skade. Alm. menneskers hjerner lyste op i bestemte områder. Psykopaters hjerne lyste meget mindre (mindre områder og mindre intenst). Så gentog de forsøget og bad test personerne om at prøve at føle med dem de så. Viola. Begge gruppers hjerner lyste lige meget op.  Måske er psykopati når man har valgt ikke at føle empati- Nævnt i denne video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP_kNs198Zg [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP_kNs198Zg] —————————————-  https://www.sciencealert.com/how-psychopaths-process-pain-could-explain-their-lack-of-empathy [https://www.sciencealert.com/how-psychopaths-process-pain-could-explain-their-lack-of-empathy#da805l5vy44n3a7afm4hlmhlj2mbvt7s] :Research has shown that lower levels of empathy [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.824697/full] for other people can be influenced by a higher tolerance for pain. If someone does not understand the feelings of pain the same way as other people, they probably don't understand the pain that other people may be experiencing. Also, a 2020 review [https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/15/7/709/5864691] showed that the brain networks used in processing pain are also used to process empathy. This could mean that if people higher in psychopathy don't feel as much pain themselves, their perceptions of other people's pain could also be reduced via this shared network. Just because you show higher psychopathic traits does not necessarily mean you are going to be the lead character of your own true crime documentary, though. In fact, recent research, including a 2022 study [https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2022-57783-001], noted psychopathic traits can be positive and help people regulate their emotions. Surgeons and other medical professionals [https://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1308/rcsbull.2015.331] show high levels of psychopathic traits, particularly the stress immunity part of the personality trait. Perhaps this is what allows medical professionals high in psychopathic traits to stay calm under pressure, allowing them to make quick, rational decisions without being overwhelmed by stress https://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/skanninger-afsloerer-hvad-psykopaters-hjerner-har-til-faelles [https://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/skanninger-afsloerer-hvad-psykopaters-hjerner-har-til-faelles/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=vores-nyhedsbrev] Gustave Mark Gilbert QuotesI think I've come close to defining it: a lack of empathy. It's the one characteristic that connects all the defendants. A genuine incapacity to feel with their fellow man. Evil, I think, is the absence of empathy. ( 1950 book The Psychology of Dictatorship)