Freakonomics Radio

From politics and economics to psychology and the arts, many of the modern ideas we take for granted emerged a century ago from a single European capital. In this episode of the Freakonomics Radio Book Club, the historian Richard Cockett explores all those ideas — and how the arrival of fascism can ruin in a few years what took generations to build.   * SOURCE: * Richard Cockett [https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-cockett-9ab17629/], author and senior editor at The Economist.   * RESOURCES: * Vienna: How the City of Ideas Created the Modern World [https://amzn.to/44mdgVs], by Richard Cockett (2023). * "Birth, Death and Shopping [https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2007/12/19/birth-death-and-shopping]," (The Economist, 2007). * The Hidden Persuaders [https://amzn.to/3QqIyoC], by Vance Packard (1957). * "An Economist's View of 'Planning [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/09/24/87471543.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0],'" by Henry Hazlitt (The New York Times, 1944). * The World of Yesterday: Memoires of a European [https://amzn.to/3xWQMOB], by Stefan Zweig (1942).   * EXTRA: * "Arnold Schwarzenegger Has Some Advice for You [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/arnold-schwarzenegger-has-some-advice-for-you/]," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024).

Five years ago, we published an episode about the boom in home DNA testing kits, focusing on the high-flying firm 23andMe and its C.E.O. Anne Wojcicki. Their flight has been extremely bumpy since then. This update includes an additional interview with the Wall Street Journal reporter who has been investigating the firm’s collapse.   * SOURCES: * Rolfe Winkler [https://www.wsj.com/news/author/rolfe-winkler], reporter at The Wall Street Journal. * Anne Wojcicki [https://www.linkedin.com/in/annewojcicki/], co-founder and C.E.O. of 23andMe.   * RESOURCES: * "23andMe’s Fall From $6 Billion to Nearly $0 [https://www.wsj.com/health/healthcare/23andme-anne-wojcicki-healthcare-stock-913468f4]," by Rolfe Winkler (The Wall Street Journal, 2024). * "23andMe User Data Stolen in Targeted Attack on Ashkenazi Jews [https://www.wired.com/story/23andme-credential-stuffing-data-stolen/]," by Lily Hay Newman (Wired, 2023). * Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love [https://amzn.to/3Wcqwdn], by Dani Shapiro (2019). * How To Raise Successful People: Simple Lessons for Radical Results [https://amzn.to/44gKllC], by Esther Wojcicki (2019). * “Diet and exercise changes following direct-to-consumer personal genomic testing [https://bmcmedgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12920-017-0258-1],” by Daiva Elena Nielsen, Deanna Alexis Carere, Catharine Wang, J. Scott Roberts, and Robert C. Green (BMC Medical Genomics, 2016). * “The impact of communicating genetic risks of disease on risk-reducing health behaviour: systematic review with meta-analysis [https://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i1102],” Gareth J Hollands, David P. French, Simon J. Griffin, A. Toby Prevost, Stephen Sutton, Sarah King, Theresa M. Marteau (The British Medical Journal, 2016).   * EXTRAS: * "Does Your DNA Determine Your Weight? [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/does-your-d-n-a-determine-your-weight/]" by No Stupid Questions (2023). * "What’s Stopping Us From Curing Rare Diseases? [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/whats-stopping-us-from-curing-rare-diseases/]" by Freakonomics, M.D. (2023). * "We Can Play God Now [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/we-can-play-god-now/]," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2022). * "Susan Wojcicki: 'Hey, Let’s Go Buy YouTube!' [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/susan-wojcicki-hey-lets-go-buy-youtube-people-i-mostly-admire-ep-5/]" by People I (Mostly) Admire (2020).

Justin Trudeau, facing record-low approval numbers, is doubling down on his progressive agenda. But he is so upbeat (and Canada-polite) that it’s easy to miss just how radical his vision is. Can he make it work?   * SOURCE: * Justin Trudeau [https://www.pm.gc.ca/en], Prime Minister of Canada.   * RESOURCES: * 2024 Canadian Federal Budget [https://www.budget.canada.ca/2024/home-accueil-en.html#pdf]. * "Canada to Set First-Ever Cap on Temporary Residents [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68621013]," by Nadine Yousif (BBC News, 2023). * Common Ground [https://amzn.to/4b8aC86], by Justin Trudeau (2014).   * EXTRAS: * "Why Is Everyone Moving to Canada? [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/why-is-everyone-moving-to-canada/]" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).

So you want to help people? That’s great — but beware the law of unintended consequences. Three stories from the modern workplace.    * SOURCES: * Joshua Angrist [https://economics.mit.edu/people/faculty/josh-angrist], professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. * Zoe Cullen [https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=879471], professor of business administration at Harvard Business School. * Marina Gertsberg [https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/955361-marina-gertsberg], senior lecturer in finance at the University of Melbourne.   * RESOURCES: * "Is Pay Transparency Good? [https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.38.1.153]" by Zoë Cullen (Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024). * "DP18969 Economics Coauthorships in the Aftermath of MeToo [https://cepr.org/publications/dp18969]," by Noriko Amano-Patino, Elisa Faraglia, and Chryssi Giannitsarou (CEPR Discussion Paper, 2024). * "The Underground Economy of Company Reviews [https://www.careerfair.io/company-reviews#intro]," by Shikhar Sachdev (Career Fair, 2023). * "Why Did Gender Wage Convergence in the United States Stall? [https://www.nber.org/papers/w30821]" by Peter Q. Blair and Benjamin Posmanick (NBER Working Paper, 2023). * "The Unintended Consequences of #MeToo: Evidence from Research Collaborations [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4105976]," by Marina Gertsberg (SSRN, 2022). * "Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms [https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=58450]," by Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato (Management Science, 2021). * "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency [https://zcullen.github.io/assets/docs/w28903_3cf6cf0c-f05e-4665-a638-61986faa4c50.pdf]," by Zoe B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson (NBER Working Paper, 2021). * "How Much Does Your Boss Make? The Effects of Salary Comparisons [https://www.nber.org/papers/w24841]," by Zoë Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia (NBER Working Paper, 2018). * "Wall Street Rule for the #MeToo Era: Avoid Women at All Cost [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-03/a-wall-street-rule-for-the-metoo-era-avoid-women-at-all-cost?sref=6DPKmIax]," by Gillian Tan and Katia Porzecanski (Bloomberg, 2018). * "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of US Disability Discrimination Laws on the Employment of the Disabled Population [https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/retirement-and-disability-research-center/center-papers/drc-nb16-07]," by Patrick Button, Philip Armour, and Simon Hollands (NBER Working Paper, 2016). * "Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the Americans with Disabilities Act [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/322836]," by Daron Acemoglu and Joshua Angrist (Journal of Political Economy, 2001).

The psychologist Daniel Kahneman — a Nobel laureate and the author of Thinking, Fast and Slow — recently died at age 90. Along with his collaborator Amos Tversky, he changed how we all think about decision-making. The journalist Michael Lewis told the Kahneman-Tversky story in a 2016 book called The Undoing Project. In this episode, Lewis explains why they had such a profound influence.   * SOURCE: * Michael Lewis [http://michaellewiswrites.com/index.html#], writer.   * RESOURCES: * The Undoing Project [https://amzn.to/3JhDK0H], by Michael Lewis (2016). * Thinking, Fast and Slow [https://amzn.to/4autG0j], by Daniel Kahneman (2011). * The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine [https://amzn.to/3vPCm2d], by Michael Lewis (2010). * Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness [https://amzn.to/3VSgXjD], by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein (2009). * Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game [https://amzn.to/3Ue5nOt], by Michael Lewis (2004). * “Who’s On First [https://newrepublic.com/article/61123/whos-first],” by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein (New Republic, 2003). * “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice [http://psych.hanover.edu/classes/cognition/papers/tversky81.pdf],” by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Science, 1981). * “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk [https://www.princeton.edu/~kahneman/docs/Publications/prospect_theory.pdf],” by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Econometrica, 1979). * “Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases [http://psiexp.ss.uci.edu/research/teaching/Tversky_Kahneman_1974.pdf],” by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Science, 1974). * “Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness [http://datacolada.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Kahneman-Tversky-1972.pdf],” by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Cognitive Psychology, 1972).   * EXTRAS: * "Remembering Daniel Kahneman [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/remembering-daniel-kahneman/]," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024). * "Why Are People So Mad at Michael Lewis? [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/why-are-people-so-mad-at-michael-lewis/]" by Freakonomics Radio (2023). * "Did Michael Lewis Just Get Lucky with 'Moneyball'? [https://freakonomics.com/podcast/did-michael-lewis-just-get-lucky-with-moneyball/]" by Freakonomics Radio (2022).