Forsidebilde av showet Boundless Biology by Lukas Waller

Boundless Biology by Lukas Waller

Podkast av Lukas Waller

engelsk

Teknologi og vitenskap

Deretter 99 kr / Måned. Avslutt når som helst.

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Les mer Boundless Biology by Lukas Waller

Ace Grade 12 University Biology (SBI4U). Content covers all nescassary knowledge of all processes and material involved in this difficult course. Hosts Lukas and Tammy will teach you this Grade 12 University Biology (SBI4U) in a format you can listen to whenever you go, weather it be on your commute, at the gym, or while studying your notes.

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4 Episoder

episode 3.4 - CAM and C4 plants cover

3.4 - CAM and C4 plants

C4 Plants * Examples: Maize, sugarcane, sorghum. * Adaptation: Found in hot, dry environments to minimize photorespiration. * Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, which has a high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂, reducing photorespiration. Pathway: * CO₂ + PEP (3C) → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C). * Malate is transported to bundle-sheath cells, where CO₂ is released for the Calvin cycle. CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) Plants * Examples: Pineapple, cacti, succulents. * Adaptation: Found in arid environments; adapted to conserve water. * Stomata Behavior: Stomata open at night to minimize water loss. * Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, similar to C4 plants, used for initial carbon fixation at night. Pathway: * CO₂ + PEP → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C), which is stored in vacuoles as malic acid overnight. * During the day, malic acid is broken down to release CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.

10. nov. 2024 - 11 min
episode 3.3 - Calvin Cycle (LIR) cover

3.3 - Calvin Cycle (LIR)

Location: Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. * Phases of the Calvin Cycle: 1. Carbon Fixation: 2. Reduction Phase: 3. Regeneration of RuBP: * Key Enzyme: * RuBisCO is the primary enzyme, acting as both a carboxylase and an oxygenase. * Can bind to CO₂ (carboxylation) or O₂ (oxygenation), the latter leading to photorespiration, which reduces efficiency. * Energy Requirement: * For each full turn of the cycle (producing 1 G3P): * To produce one glucose molecule, the cycle must run twice, requiring: * Products: * G3P is the direct product, which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates. * Photorespiration Issue: * Occurs when RuBisCO fixes O₂ instead of CO₂, leading to wasteful energy loss. * More likely in hot, dry climates when stomata close to conserve water. * Adaptations: * C4 and CAM plants have evolved mechanisms to minimize photorespiration and improve efficiency, which will be explored further.

10. nov. 2024 - 12 min
episode 3.2 - Light Dependent Reactions cover

3.2 - Light Dependent Reactions

Things To Remember * Cyclic Photophosphorylation occurs as a means to produce additional ATP rather than ATP and NADPH. This is because the Calvin Cycle (next episode) requires more ATP than NADPH. * PSI = Photosystem 1, PSII = Photosystem 2 Diagrams * Noncyclic Photophosphorylation: ⁠https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/faeb1179a538a3a8106fa5f3b9bd90c92f9834a7.png⁠ [https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/faeb1179a538a3a8106fa5f3b9bd90c92f9834a7.png] * Cyclic Photophosphorylation: https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/d47991f2cf9c7a4fc22f055b60793af8c341991f.png [https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-images/d47991f2cf9c7a4fc22f055b60793af8c341991f.png] Quizzes * https://quizlet.com/30876000/light-dependent-reactions-light-independent-reactions-flash-cards/ [https://quizlet.com/30876000/light-dependent-reactions-light-independent-reactions-flash-cards/]

10. nov. 2024 - 12 min
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