Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Podcast

57: Crispus Attucks: The First To Defy. The First to Die.

Date: July 8, 2026 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #57. CRISPUS ATTUCKS: THE FIRST TO DEFY. THE FIRST TO DIE. Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary 🔥 Crispus Attucks: The First to Defy. The First to Die. ⚔️ The year is 1770. Boston simmers with unrest, its streets thick with the scent of revolution. British soldiers march, muskets in hand, but one man refuses to cower. Crispus Attucks—a runaway, a sailor, a man of two worlds—has spent his life outrunning chains and defying an empire. But tonight, he won't run. When the air crackles with the tension of rebellion, Crispus takes his stand at the front of the resistance. What begins as shouts and clenched fists erupts into chaos as musket fire splits the night. The multiple shots rip through him, but his fall ignites a movement. The first casualty of the American Revolution is not just a victim—he is a symbol, a martyr, a call to arms. Join us as we unravel the story of the man who stood first, fell first, and forever changed the course of history. His name lives on. His fight is not forgotten. 🔴⚔️🩸🔥📜⚡💥✨✊🏾 Highlights: 00:57- INTRO. 01:16- CRISPUS ATTUCKS. 03:06- HIS FATHER JACOB PETER ATTUCKS. 03:19- HIS MOTHER NANCY. 03:39- RUNAWAY SLAVE. 04:25- ALIAS MICHAEL JOHNSON. 05:54- FIGHT WITH BRITISH SOLDIERS. 07:19- BOSTON MASSACRE. 09:33- CRISPUS IS SHOT. 10:08- MORE VICTIMS FALL. 10:55- BECOMES THE FIRST CASUALTY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 11:33- THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN. 12:06- SAMUEL ADAMS. 12:20- PAUL REVERE. 12:35- BRITISH SOLDIERS ARRESTED. 12:41- JOHN ADAMS. 13:06- CRISPUS AND FOUR OTHER VICTIMS ARE BURIED AT THE GANARY BURYING GROUNDS. 13:50- FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 14:05- 1776. 14:20- ACCOLADES. 14:50- CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast. Links To Additional Resources: Reflecting Attucks » Revolutionary Spaces [https://revolutionaryspaces.org/explore/exhibits/reflecting-attucks/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAh6y9BhBREiwApBLHC94HUOYAxyFL2rISFTSROkYcIR0gVO-HgRqEilKm_lbzjuzeA8A5FRoCaNUQAvD_BwE] Crispus Attucks (U.S. National Park Service) [https://www.nps.gov/people/crispus-attucks.htm] Crispus Attucks - Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crispus_Attucks] Africans in America/Part 2/Crispus Attucks [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2p24.html] Black History Boston: The hero of the Boston Massacre, Crispus Attucks | Boston.gov [https://content.boston.gov/news/black-history-boston-hero-boston-massacre-crispus-attucks] Crispus Attucks Museum | University Library [https://library.indianapolis.iu.edu/digitalcollections/CAttucks] Crispus Attucks | American Battlefield Trust [https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/crispus-attucks] 8 Things We Know About Crispus Attucks | HISTORY [https://www.history.com/news/crispus-attucks-american-revolution-boston-massacre] Crispus Attucks | Revolutionary War, African American, Patriot | Britannica [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Crispus-Attucks] Who was Crispus Attucks? – Crispus Attucks [http://www.crispusattucksmuseum.org/crispus-attuck/] Patriot or Fool? Crispus Attucks and the Civil Rights Movement » Revolutionary Spaces [https://revolutionaryspaces.org/the-legacy-of-crispus-attucks-part-iii-patriot-or-fool-crispus-attucks-and-the-civil-rights-movement/] Crispus Attucks | American Battlefield Trust [https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/crispus-attucks?ms=googlegrant&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAh6y9BhBREiwApBLHC5voeJi4LnthXcHACz9Zv4rnohxR06RLgm1V--_rUJC0oPb9GQKBuhoCxg4QAvD_BwE]

56: Glenn Burke: The High Five Inventor and MLB's Trailblazing Gay Icon

Date: June 24, 2026 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #56. Glenn Burke: The High Five Inventor and MLB's Trailblazing Gay Icon Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary In this episode, we dive into the extraordinary life of Glenn Burke, the man behind the high-five and a pioneering figure in Major League Baseball's history. Glenn's story is one of resilience and triumph over adversity. From leading his high school basketball team to a championship to becoming a rising star in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland Athletics, Glenn's journey was marked by groundbreaking moments, including the spontaneous invention of the high-five with teammate Dusty Baker in 1977. This simple yet powerful gesture became a symbol of celebration worldwide. However, Glenn's life was not solely defined by his athletic prowess. As one of the first openly gay athletes in professional sports, his courage to live authentically amid an era of deep-seated discrimination set a trailblazing path for future generations. Glenn's struggle for acceptance within the MLB, including facing overt prejudice and ultimately being traded, underscores the harsh realities he endured. Despite retiring from baseball and facing personal and health challenges, including his battle with AIDS, Glenn's legacy continued to inspire. His participation in the Gay Games, his advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights, and his historic coming-out interview on the TODAY show highlight his lasting impact on and off the field. Join us as we celebrate Glenn Burke's life, reflecting on his significant contributions to sports, his brave journey as a gay athlete, and the enduring symbol of unity and joy he gave the world through the high-five. His legacy is a powerful reminder of the importance of authenticity, resilience, and the transformative power of sports. Highlights: 00:58- INTRO. 02:27- GLENN BURKE'S BIRTH. 04:08- NAMED HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALL PLAYER OF THE YEAR. 04:33- DRAFTED TO THE MLB MINOR LEAGUE. 05:49- DRAFTED TO THE MLB LOS ANGELES DODGERS. 07:42- INVENTS THE HIGH FIVE. 09:34- MANAGEMENT LEARNS OF HIS SEXUALITY. 10:04- GLENN IS TRADED TO THE OAKLAND A's. 11:38- GLENN INJURES HIS KNEE. 12:13- DEMOTED TO MLB MINOR LEAGUE. 14:35- QUITS PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL. 15:11- PARTICIPATES IN THE GAY OLYMPICS. 15:41- BECOMES THE FIRST MLB PLAYER TO PUBLICLY COME OUT. 18:23- HIT BY A CAR. 19:19- DRUG ABUSE. 20:11- HOMELESSNESS. 21:27- DIAGNOSED WITH HIV. 21:32: DIEASE PROGRESSES TO AIDS. 21:40 OAKLAND A's SUPPORTS HIM FINANCIALLY WHILE HE LIVES WITH HIS SISTER. 22:22 GLENN PASSES AWAY. 23:28 BILL BEAN COMES OUT. 24:19 LIST OF ACCOLADES. Subscribe to the podcast. Links To Additional Resources: Glenn Burke Facts for Kids (kiddle.co) [https://kids.kiddle.co/Glenn_Burke] Glenn Burke Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More | Baseball-Reference.com [https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/burkegl01.shtml] Glenn Burke, MLB's 1st openly gay player, spoke to TODAY's Bryant Gumbel in 1982 [https://www.today.com/news/sports/glenn-burke-1st-openly-gay-mlb-player-today-show-bryant-gumbel-1982-rcna35743] At Pride Night, Dodgers Embrace Glenn Burke, Who They Once Shunned - The New York Times (nytimes.com) [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/sports/baseball/glenn-burke-dodgers-pride.html] Glenn Burke | Legacy Project Chicago [https://legacyprojectchicago.org/person/glenn-burke] Glenn Burke, MLB's First Openly Gay Player, Likely Invented the High Five (ask.com) [https://www.ask.com/lifestyle/glenn-burke-and-the-high-five] Glenn Burke Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News | MLB.com [https://www.mlb.com/player/glenn-burke-111718] Glenn Burke, Game Changer (macmillan.com) [https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374391225/glennburkegamechanger] Stories - FAM (aidsmonument.org) [https://aidsmonument.org/remember/glenn-burke/] Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five (publishersweekly.com) [https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780374391225] The Story of the First Openly Gay MLB Player: Glenn Burke - First Name Basis [https://firstnamebasis.org/podcast/the-story-of-the-first-openly-gay-mlb-player-glenn-burke/] The Forgotten History of the First Openly Gay Man to Play Major League Baseball | Them [https://www.them.us/story/singled-out-first-openly-gay-man-play-mlb-glenn-burke] Glenn Burke, an 'extravagantly gifted' baseball player, paid a price for being gay (oaklandside.org) [https://oaklandside.org/2021/03/16/singled-out-the-true-story-of-glenn-burke-berkeley-ca-oakland-ca/] Glenn Burke Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac (baseball-almanac.com) [https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=burkegl01] Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five | School Library Journal (slj.com) [https://www.slj.com/review/glenn-burke-game-changer-the-man-who-invented-the-high-five] Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five – Books of Wonder [https://booksofwonder.com/products/9780374391225] LGBTQ History: How Glenn Burke defied bigotry in Major League Baseball – Liberation News [https://www.liberationnews.org/lgbtq-history-how-glenn-burke-defied-bigotry-in-major-league-baseball/] Glenn Burke – Society for American Baseball Research (sabr.org) [https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/glenn-burke/] 'Because Dusty Baker accepted him, he was accepted.' Glenn Burke's story and why it matters - The Athletic [https://theathletic.com/2911979/2021/10/26/because-dusty-baker-accepted-him-he-was-accepted-glenn-burkes-story-and-why-it-matters/] A High Five for Glenn Burke - Phil Bildner [https://philbildner.com/books/a-high-five-for-glenn-burke/] Glenn Burke - Beverly Press & Park Labrea NewsBeverly Press & Park Labrea News [https://beverlypress.com/2022/11/glenn-burke/] Glenn Burke, Baseball Player born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org) [https://aaregistry.org/story/glenn-burke-baseball-player-born/] Why aren't the Dodgers recognizing Glenn Burke on Pride Night? - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com) [https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2021-06-11/glenn-burke-dodgers-pride-night-mlb-athletics] A High Five for Glenn Burke (macmillan.com) [https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374312732/ahighfiveforglennburke] Glenn Burke Facts for Kids (kiddle.co) [https://kids.kiddle.co/Glenn_Burke] Jamie Lee Curtis, Ryan Murphy Team On Netflix Series About Dodgers Glenn Burke (deadline.com) [https://deadline.com/2021/10/jamie-lee-curtis-ryan-murphy-netflix-limited-series-glenn-burke-la-dodgers-high-five-1234856524/] Pro baseball player Glenn Burke refused to live a lie - Philadelphia Gay News (epgn.com) [https://epgn.com/2021/10/05/pro-baseball-player-glenn-burke-refused-to-live-a-lie/] The A's must continue honoring Glenn Burke even if they move to Las Vegas - Outsports [https://www.outsports.com/2023/4/21/23691854/oakland-as-athletics-glenn-burke-las-vegas-mlb-pride-night-dodgers/] Glenn Burke - Oakland Athletics Unspecified Position - ESPN [https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/_/id/19730/glenn-burke] Glenn Burke Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News | MiLB.com [https://www.milb.com/player/glenn-burke-111718] Glenn Burke, 42, A Major League Baseball Player - The New York Times (nytimes.com) [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/02/nyregion/glenn-burke-42-a-major-league-baseball-player.html] Glenn Burke - NBJC Ubuntu (beenhere.org) [https://beenhere.org/2017/11/16/glenn-burke/] Glenn Burke, Game Changer : The Man Who Invented the High Five (Hardcover) - Walmart.com [https://www.walmart.com/ip/Glenn-Burke-Game-Changer-The-Man-Who-Invented-the-High-Five-Hardcover-9780374391225/2349484075] Glenn Burke was ideal Dodger teammate whose sexuality wasn't an issue - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com) [https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2013-aug-21-la-sp-dodgers-glenn-burke-20130822-story.html] Glenn Burke - IMDb [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3059306/] Glenn Burke - Los Angeles Dodgers OF | StatMuse [https://www.statmuse.com/mlb/player/glenn-burke-7859] Glenn Burke - Oakland - LocalWiki [https://localwiki.org/oakland/Glenn_Burke] Glenn Burke remembered during Dodgers' Pride Night (mlb.com) [https://www.mlb.com/news/glenn-burke-remembered-during-dodgers-pride-night] 30 Moments of Pride: Glenn Burke unveils the high five - Outsports [https://www.outsports.com/2020/6/18/21294899/30-moments-pride-glenn-burke-high-five-baseball-dodgers/] Glenn Burke Class of 2028 - Player Profile | Perfect Game USA [https://www.perfectgame.org/Players/Playerprofile.aspx?ID=1348086] Glenn Burke Career Stats - MLB - ESPN [https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/19730] Forgotten MLB Player Spotlight: Glenn Burke, a True Pioneer (calltothepen.com) [https://calltothepen.com/2020/05/30/forgotten-mlb-player-spotlight-glenn-burke-true-pioneer/] Glenn Burke - BR Bullpen (baseball-reference.com) [https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Glenn_Burke] Glenn Burke | Penguin Random House [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/275450/glenn-burke/] Glenn Burke (advocate.com) [https://www.advocate.com/authors/glenn-burke] No. 3: Glenn Burke – Tom Hoffarth's The Drill: More Farther Off the Wall [https://fartheroffthewall.com/2024/03/01/no-3-glenn-burke/] Happy Birthday Glenn Burke, Baseball's First Openly Gay Player (kampstudentradio.com) [https://www.kampstudentradio.com/post/happy-birthday-glenn-burke-baseball-s-first-openly-gay-player]

55: Who Am I? The Remarkable Journey of Mary Eliza Mahoney

Date: June 10, 2026 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #55. Who Am I? The Remarkable Journey of Mary Eliza Mahoney Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary 🎙️ Discover the inspiring story of Mary Eliza Mahoney, the first African American professionally trained nurse in the United States and a true healthcare pioneer. In this episode, we explore how she broke barriers in nursing history, championed diversity in healthcare, and paved the way for future generations of African American women in medicine. 🌟 Learn about her remarkable journey, the challenges she overcame, and her lasting impact on healthcare equity, civil rights, and women's history. Guided by her belief to "Work more and better the coming year than the previous year," Mary's life exemplified resilience, excellence, and determination. Whether you're passionate about Black history, medical history, nursing leadership, or inspirational stories of resilience and achievement, this episode offers valuable insights into one of America's most influential trailblazers. 📚 Perfect for listeners interested in Black history, healthcare pioneers, social justice, historical figures, and the untold stories that shaped our world. Highlights: 00:57- INTRO. 01:04- MARY ELIZA MAHONEY'S BIRTH. 01:10- FATHER CHARLES MAHONEY. 01:13- MOTHER MARY JANE STEWART MAHONEY. 01:25- TWO SIBLINGS, ELLEN & FRANK. 01:53- PEOPLE'S BAPTIST CHURCH. 02:07- THE PHILLIPS SCHOOL. 02:46- NEW ENGLAND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 03:38- 16-MONTH NURSING PROGRAM. 04:57- GRADUATION. 05:10- FRIST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO GRADUATE FROM A NURSING SCHOOL. 05:18- FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL NURSE. 05:33- FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN LISTED IN THE NURSES DIRECTORY AT THE BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY. 05:45- PRIVATE DUTY NURSE. 06:59- NURSES ASSOCIATED ALUMNAE OF THE US AND CANADA, LATER KNOWN AS THE AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION (ANA). 07:12- CO-FOUNDER OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED GRADUATE NURSES. 07:41- DELIVERED OPENING ADDRESS AT FIRST CONVENTION FOR THE NACGN. 07:54- LIFETIME MEMBERSHIP AND ELECTED NATIONAL CHAPLAIN. 08:11- DIRECTOR OF THE HOWARD COLORED ORPHANAGE ASYLUM. 08:25- ENDED AT HER NURSING CAREER. 08:34- ONE OF THE FIRST WOMEN TO REGISTER IN VOTE IN BOSTON, MA. 08:52- BREAST CANCER. 08:57- PASSES AWAY. 00:11- BURIED AT WOODLAWN CEMETERY. 09:14- ACCOLADES. 10:29- CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast. Links To Additional Resources: Biography: Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-mahoney?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=23799900879&gclid=CjwKCAjwwpDQBhAuEiwAa-4Wo6rwk0wLd9JiwabFX6dUm28YMdtORtL4pEXwp-EhrXZPs2e1zsBRqRoCxBoQAvD_BwE] Mary Eliza Mahoney - Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney] Breaking Barriers: A History of Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/breaking-barriers-a-history-of-mary-eliza-mahoney] Mary Eliza Mahoney, RN | Department of Medicine | University of Illinois College of Medicine [https://chicago.medicine.uic.edu/medicine/about-us/diversity-inclusion/black-history-profile/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney - Boston Women's Heritage Trail [https://www.bwht.org/about/biographies/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Dr. Mary Eliza Mahoney: A Trailblazer in Nursing and Healthcare Advocacy - www.westernhealth.com [https://www.westernhealth.com/wha-blog/dr-mary-eliza-mahoney-a-trailblazer-in-nursing-and-healthcare-advocacy/] Nursing Stories: Mary Eliza Mahoney | Simmons Online [https://online.simmons.edu/blog/nursing-stories-mary-eliza-mahoney/] A Celebration of 14 Famous Black Nurses in History | Chamberlain University [https://www.chamberlain.edu/blog/a-celebration-of-10-famous-black-nurses-in-history] Mary Eliza Mahoney Becomes the First Black Nurse in America | Perspectives Of Change [https://perspectivesofchange.hms.harvard.edu/node/195] Overlooked No More: Mary Eliza Mahoney, Who Opened Doors in Nursing - The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/19/obituaries/mary-eliza-mahoney-overlooked.html] Mary E. Mahoney [https://www.aahn.org/mahoney] Mary Mahoney - Nurse, Death & Facts [https://www.biography.com/activists/mary-mahoney] Black History Month Spotlight: Mary Eliza Mahoney – UCI Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing [https://nursing.uci.edu/2022/02/11/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney, America's first black professional nurse [https://cws.auburn.edu/shared/pagemaster/PMNews/Details?articleID=145] Mary Eliza Mahoney: Determined to Overcome Medical Training Prejudice - Stories of Strong Women [https://strongwomeninhistory.com/2021/03/01/mary-eliza-mahoney-determined-to-overcome-medical-training-prejudice/] Mary Eliza Mahoney – National Underground Railroad Freedom Center [https://freedomcenter.org/voice/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Elizabeth Mahoney - First African-American Nurse - Wisconsin Center for Nursing [https://wicenterfornursing.org/mary-elizabeth-mahoney-first-african-american-nurse/] Black History Month Feature: Mary Eliza Mahoney - OU... [https://publichealth.ouhsc.edu/about/news-and-events/details/black-history-month-feature-mary-eliza-mahoney] How the first Black nurse in the U.S. transformed patient care | National Geographic [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/mary-eliza-mahoney-first-black-nurse] Honoring Mary Eliza Mahoney | The Oregon Clinic [https://www.oregonclinic.com/newsroom/honoring-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney Dialysis Center - Boston Women's Heritage Trail [https://www.bwht.org/explore/mary-eliza-mahoney-dialysis-center/] Black History and Nursing - Mary Eliza Mahoney — ASDNext.org, an ASERT Website for Teens and Adults with Autism [https://asdnext.org/blog/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Black History Month: Celebrating the first African American nurse | University of Arizona College of Nursing [https://nursing.arizona.edu/news/black-history-month-celebrating-first-african-american-nurse] Black History Month Spotlight: Mary Eliza Mahoney | Blog [https://northshorehealth.org/bhm-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney: First Black Woman to Become a Registered Nurse - Clinical Advisor [https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/mary-eliza-mahoney-first-black-woman-to-become-a-registered-nurse/] Mary Eliza Mahoney, First Negro Nurse - PMC [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2617375/] Lecture Series Honors Trailblazer Nurse Mary Eliza Mahoney | ANA [https://www.nursingworld.org/news/news-releases/2023/ana-racial-reckoning-inaugural-lecture-series-honors-trailblazer-nurse-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney and The Legacy Of African-American Nurses (Women in Medicine) - Kindle edition by Darraj, Susan Muaddi. Professional & Technical Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com. [https://www.amazon.com/Mahoney-Legacy-African-American-Nurses-Medicine-ebook/dp/B005IW5B6S] Black History Month: Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://triagestaff.com/blog/black-history-month-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) | BlackPast.org [https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/mahoney-mary-eliza-1845-1926/] Nurses to Know: Mary Eliza Mahoney, the First Licensed Black Nurse in the U.S. | Credenza [https://credenzahealth.com/career-advice/mary-eliza-mahoney] Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) – Mary Seacole [https://maryseacole.info/correcting-the-misinformation/other-nurses-of-colour/mary-eliza-mahoney-1845-1926/] Mary Eliza_Mahoney [https://freebooks.uvu.edu/nursing_history/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney.php] Mahoney, Mary Eliza (1845–1926) | Encyclopedia.com [https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mahoney-mary-eliza-1845-1926] Historic Nurses | Mary Eliza Mahoney - Gifted Healthcare Gifted Healthcare [https://giftedhealthcare.com/blog/year-of-the-nurse-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney, the nation's first Black professional nurse - New York Amsterdam News [https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2015/04/30/mary-eliza-mahoney-nations-first-black-professiona/] Mary Eliza Mahoney Facts for Kids [https://kids.kiddle.co/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney] Topic | Mary Eliza Mahoney | The History of African Americans in the Medical Professions [https://chaamp.virginia.edu/node/3964] Mary Eliza Mahoney – First Black Nurse in the US - Nurseslabs [https://nurseslabs.com/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Mary Eliza Mahoney | Chronicle of Nursing. Nursing Journals : American Society of Registered Nurses [https://www.asrn.org/journal-chronicle-nursing/282-mary-eliza-mahoney.html] Honoring Mary Eliza Mahoney, America’s First Licensed Black Nurse - Expert Guide [https://dailynurse.springerpub.com/minority-nurse/honoring-mary-eliza-mahoney-americas-first-licensed-black-nurse/] Black History Legacy: Mary Eliza Mahoney, The First Black Nurse - Essence | Essence [https://www.essence.com/black-history-month-2019/mary-eliza-mahoney-the-first-black-nurse/] Meet Mary Eliza Mahoney, the First Licensed Black Nurse in the U.S. - AfroTech | AfroTech [https://afrotech.com/meet-mary-eliza-mahoney-the-first-licensed-black-nurse-in-the-u-s] Mary Eliza Mahoney – First Wave Feminisms [https://sites.uw.edu/twomn347/2025/06/05/mary-eliza-mahoney/] "Mary Eliza Mahoney, R.N." [https://vc.bridgew.edu/hoba/28/] Mary Eliza Mahoney: America's First Black Woman to Complete Nursing Training - Activism, Healthcare - allnurses [https://allnurses.com/mary-eliza-mahoney-americas-first-t526435/] Honoring Mary Eliza Mahoney | ACOG [https://www.acog.org/news/news-articles/2021/02/honoring-mary-eliza-mahoney] Mary Eliza Mahoney: The first African American professional nurse in the United States - Kentake Page [https://kentakepage.com/mary-eliza-mahoney-the-first-african-american-professional-nurse-in-the-united-states/] Mary Eliza Mahoney, Licensed nurse [https://aldweekly.substack.com/p/mary-eliza-mahoney-licensed-nurse] Mary Eliza Mahoney: Nurse & History | Vaia [https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/nursing-theories/mary-eliza-mahoney/] Caresfield Cares: Honoring Mary Eliza Mahoney in Black History Month - Caresfield Blog [https://blog.caresfield.com/mary-eliza-mahoney] Mary Eliza Mahoney OTSOG - On The Shoulders of Giants [https://www.ontheshoulders1.com/the-giants/mary-eliza-mahoney-the-first-african-american-nurse#/] Pioneering Nurse Mary Eliza Mahoney's Legacy - The Seattle Medium [https://seattlemedium.com/mary-eliza-mahoney-nursing-legacy/] Mary Mahoney: First Black Trained Nurse - Working Nurse [https://www.workingnurse.com/articles/mary-eliza-mahoney-1845-1926-first-professionally-trained-black-nurse/] Profile of a Famous Nurse: Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://www.ajc.com/business/profile-famous-nurse-mary-eliza-mahoney/uYI7r7xz2Hbl7Hake0Gl0H/] Nurse Mary Mahoney | Biography, Career & Significance | Study.com [https://study.com/academy/lesson/nurse-mary-mahoney-biography-accomplishments.html] Mary Eliza Mahoney - Boston Women's Heritage Trail [https://www.bwht.org/explore/phillips-school/] Mary Mahoney | Civil Rights Activist, Pioneer Nurse | Britannica [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Mahoney] Remembering Mary Eliza Mahoney; first Black nurse in the U.S. - Face2Face Africa [https://face2faceafrica.com/article/remembering-mary-eliza-mahoney-first-black-nurse-in-the-u-s] Profile: Mary Eliza Mahoney(1845 –1926) – Black Art Story [https://blackartstory.org/2020/05/14/profile-mary-eliza-mahoney1845-1926/] Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845 – 1926) | NurseManifest [https://nursemanifest.com/2018/07/20/mary-mahoney-1845-1926/] Mary Eliza Mahoney - First African American Graduate Nurse - WednesdaysWomen [https://wednesdayswomen.com/mary-eliza-mahoney-first-african-american-graduate-nurse/] Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://atlasmedlegal.com/blog/f/mary-eliza-mahoney] New Nurses Step Into Healthcare Crisis [https://chicagocrusader.com/new-nurses-step-into-healthcare-crisis/] The Greater Paradise Blog: Black History Month: Mary Eliza Mahoney [https://greaterparadise.blogspot.com/2011/02/black-history-month-mary-eliza-mahoney.html] ANA National Nurses Week [https://pages.nursingworld.org/nursesweek26] Mary Eliza Mahoney - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia [https://alchetron.com/Mary-Eliza-Mahoney] ABWW Heroine of the Day: Mary Eliza Mahoney | Angry Black Woman Watch [https://abww.wordpress.com/2010/07/03/abww-heroine-of-the-day-mary-eliza-mahoney/] Essentials-2026.pdf [https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Publications/Essentials-2026.pdf] Mary Eliza Mahoney - Famous Nurses Who Made History [https://mobsea.com/Famous-Nurses-Who-Made-History/Mary-Eliza-Mahoney] PSU CommProgram2026-GR2_0.pdf [https://www.plymouth.edu/sites/default/files/media/2026-05/PSU%20CommProgram2026-GR2_0.pdf] Graduate List 2026 | Commencement | Colorado State University [https://commencement.colostate.edu/graduate-list-2026/] Mary Eliza Mahoney Was America's First Black Nurse [https://www.blackhistory.com/2019/02/mary-eliza-mahoney-first-black-nurse.html] 2026 Spring Graduates - Commencement [https://www.boisestate.edu/commencement/2026-spring-graduates/] Mary Eliza Mahoney Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline [https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/mary-eliza-mahoney-7330.php] Nursing Test Bank: #1 Free Practice Questions [2026 Update] - Nurseslabs [https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-test-bank/] Women's History Overview [https://act.liveyourdream.org/womens-history/?utm_term=most%20influential%20women%20in%20history&utm_campaign=&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=3468286777&hsa_cam=1743277637&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_src=g&hsa_ver=3&hsa_ad=691023489071&hsa_tgt=kwd-312561676446&hsa_grp=159780488558&hsa_kw=most%20influential%20women%20in%20history&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=1743277637&gclid=CjwKCAjwwpDQBhAuEiwAa-4Wo0HSEQw5itL1ZbkeWqhFloRJ2R9ZvMcK70-8E1FlQHsBcixNkuXPpxoC4-sQAvD_BwE] The History of Early African American Migration [https://www.afrigenetrylink.org/post/the-origin-and-early-african-american-migration-history?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=23800574071&gclid=CjwKCAjwwpDQBhAuEiwAa-4Wo9vPQQFFbEWpOCNvV1WpMXG-xGYrleotwXANtPBqKbCnwaQa94zM_hoCAEwQAvD_BwE] Yocum African American History Association | Changing Perspectives About Black History in America [https://www.yocumblackhistory.org/?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=16259116227&gclid=CjwKCAjwwpDQBhAuEiwAa-4Wo-IDl4xAhTMgikVnxZFng2LvFvXZGI3GgpZqhLlwdDCrwJsFx1GhyxoCo6cQAvD_BwE] Black History Month 2025 - New York Amsterdam News [https://amsterdamnews.com/bhm2025/] Who is Mary Eliza Mahoney? American nurse (1845 - 1926) | Biography, Facts, Information, Life, Career, Wiki [https://peoplepill.com/i/mary-eliza-mahoney] Mary Eliza Mahoney Opened Doors for Black Women in Medicine [https://shinemycrown.com/celebrating-our-queens-mary-eliza-mahoney-nurse-who-opened-doors-for-black-women-in-medicine/]

54: The Boy with the Weak Heart Who Outran the World: The Story of Mack Robinson

Date: May 27, 2026 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #54. The Boy with the Weak Heart Who Outran the World: The Story of Mack Robinson Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary 🎙️ The Boy with the Weak Heart Who Outran the World: The Story of Mack Robinson Discover the powerful story of African American Olympian Matthew Mackenzie "Mack" Robinson.🏅 A trailblazing track and field star whose determination helped shape Olympic history during the legendary 1936 Olympics era. As the older brother of baseball icon Jackie Robinson, Mack carved his own path in sports history, earning recognition as one of the most inspiring figures of Black excellence in athletics. In this episode of Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons podcast 🎧, we explore Mack's journey, resilience, and the barriers he overcame while competing alongside legends like Jesse Owens and other members of his US Olympic team. From Pasadena to the global stage, Mack Robinson's legacy reflects courage, speed, and perseverance in the face of adversity. Tune in to celebrate African American athletes, Olympic history, and untold stories that continue to inspire generations. 🌍✨ Perfect for fans of sports history, civil rights in sports, and powerful historical biographies. Highlights: 00:57- INTRO. 01:05- MACK ROBINSON'S BIRTH. 01:14- FATHER JERRY ROBINSON. 01:19- MOTHER MALLIE ROBINSON. 01:22- FOUR SIBLINGS. 01:58- PASADENA, CA. 02:34- HEART MURMUR. 02:58- WASHINGTON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. 03:12-JOHN MUIR HIGH SCHOOL. 03:38- CALIFORNIA STATE CHAMPION. 04:02- PASADENA CITY COLLEGE. 04:15- OLYMPIC REGIONAL TRIALS IN LA. 04:41- FINAL OLYMPIC TRIALS IN NYC. 05:01- GERMANY. 05:04- OLYMPIC GAMES IN BERLIN, GERMANY. 05:42- SILVER MEDAL. 06:34- MORE MEDALS AT PASADENA CITY COLLEGE. 06:44- UNIVERSITY OF OREGON. 06:51- MORE MEDALS AT UNIVERSITY OF OREGON. 07:11- GRADUATES FROM UNIVERSITY OF OREGON. 07:26- DIRECTOR AT LEMON GROVE PARK. 08:06- JACKIE ROBINSON STADIUM AT UCLA. 08:33- PASADENA CITY COLLEGE HALL OF FAME. 08:40- OREGON SPORTS HALL OF FAME. 08:45- LA MEMORIAL COLISEUM SUMMER GAMES OPENING CEREMONY. 09:06- FAMILY LIFE. 09:32- FAILING HEALTH ISSUES. 09:46- RODNEY KING VERDICT. HELPED RESTORE PEACE. 10:04- PASADENA ROBINSON MEMORIAL. 10:35- PASSES AWAY. 10:43- MOUNTAIN VIEW CEMETERY AND MAUSOLEUM. 10:48- ACCOLADES. 11:26- CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast. Links To Additional Resources: Mack Robinson (sprinter) - Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Robinson_(sprinter)] Second to None: The Legend and Legacy of Mack Robinson | OregonNews [https://news.uoregon.edu/mackrobinson] Mack Robinson and the 1936 Olympics | The Jackie Robinson Museum [https://www.jackierobinsonmuseum.org/learn/stories/mack-robinson-and-the-1936-olympics/] Olympian Mack Robinson Dead at 88 - Los Angeles Times [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-mar-13-sp-8463-story.html] Mack Robinson Olympic track and field star and Jackie Robinson's brother | Athletics [https://www.mlb.com/athletics/news/featured/mack-robinson-olympic-track-and-field-star-and-jackie-s-brother] Matthew Mackenzie ROBINSON [https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/matthew-mackenzie-robinson] Matthew MacKenzie "Mack" Robinson (1912-2000) | BlackPast.org [https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/mack-robinson-1912-2000/] From Olympic Star Sprinter To Street Sweeper, Meet Jackie's Forgotten Brother Mack Robinson Boston Condos For Sale Ford Realty [https://www.bostonreb.com/from-olympic-star-sprinter-to-street-sweeper-meet-jackies-forgotten-brother-mack-robinson/] Mack Robinson, Olympian, Civic Justice Activist and oh yes, Jackie's older brother - USEDmedia.org [https://usedmedia.org/2024/02/05/mack-robinson-olympian-civic-justice-activist-and-oh-yes-jackies-older-brother/] Pasadena Robinson Memorial - Pasadena Public Art Collection [https://www.cityofpasadena.net/public-art/artwork/pasadena-robinson-memorial/] Jackie and Mack Robinson Memorial in Pasadena | Atlas Obscura [https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/jackie-and-mack-robinson-memorial] Mack Robinson (athlete) Facts for Kids [https://kids.kiddle.co/Mack_Robinson_(athlete)] Mack Robinson - IMDb [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1862562/] You Know Mack Robinson's Brother, Now Get To Know Mack Robinson | Brady Carlson [https://www.bradycarlson.com/you-know-mack-robinsons-brother-now-get-to-know-mack-robinson-cool-weird-awesome-86/] Mack Robinson | | The Guardian [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/apr/26/guardianobituaries.duncanmackay] Flintridge Prep students find inspiration in 1936 Olympian Mack Robinson's life [https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-me-robinson-20170406-story.html] Mack Robinson Obituary : NPR [https://www.npr.org/2000/03/15/1071626/mack-robinson-obituary] Mack Robinson (athlete) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Robinson_(athlete)] Mack Robinson: Oregon Duck, Inspiration for Change | FishDuck [https://fishduck.com/2013/04/mack-robinson-oregon-duck-inspiration-for-change/] Mack Robinson competing in Olympic games - Pasadena City College Digital Archive [https://collegearchive.pasadena.edu/Documents/Detail/mack-robinson-competing-in-olympic-games/161635] Mack Robinson | Olympics Wiki | Fandom [https://olympics.fandom.com/wiki/Mack_Robinson] Mack Robinson - Bio, Family | Famous Birthdays [https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/mack-robinson.html] Mack Robinson ran into history, 76 years ago today – Pasadena Star News [https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2012/08/04/mack-robinson-ran-into-history-76-years-ago-today/] From star sprinter to street sweeper, meet Jackie's forgotten brother Mack Robinson - Face2Face Africa [https://face2faceafrica.com/article/from-star-sprinter-to-street-sweeper-meet-jackies-forgotten-brother-mack-robinson] mack robinson — 1959. Marketing / Creativity / Curiosity [https://www.weare1959.com/blog/tag/mack+robinson] Remembering Cairo's Mack Robinson | Thomasville Times-Enterprise [https://timesenterprise.com/2016/08/17/remembering-cairos-mack-robinson/] Jackie Robinson's brother Mack was Olympic star [https://www.mlb.com/news/jackie-robinson-s-brother-mack-was-olympic-star] Mack Robinson, 85, Second to Owens in Berlin - The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/14/sports/mack-robinson-85-second-to-owens-in-berlin.html] Mack robinson 1936 hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy [https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/mack-robinson-1936.html?sortBy=relevant] Mack Robinson (athlete) - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia [https://alchetron.com/Mack-Robinson-(athlete)] Person of Note | The Mack Robinson Legacy: Defying the Odds in Life and at the Olympics - Culture Honey [https://www.culturehoney.com/person-of-note-the-mack-robinson-legacy-defying-the-odds-in-life-and-at-the-olympics/] Mack Robinson Olympic track and field star and Jackie Robinson's brother | Los Angeles Dodgers [https://www.mlb.com/dodgers/news/featured/mack-robinson-olympic-track-and-field-star-and-jackie-s-brother] Mack Robinson – Wikipedia [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Robinson] Matthew Robinson - Breaking the Color Barrier [https://jackierobinsonnationalhistoryday.weebly.com/matthew-robinson.html] Who was Jackie Robinson's brother, Mack Robinson? All about forgotten sprinter who won a silver medal at the 1936 Olympics [https://www.sportskeeda.com/baseball/news-who-jackie-robinson-s-brother-mack-robinson-all-forgotten-sprinter-won-silver-medal-1936-olympics] Photo Gallery: Memories of Mack Robinson by his wife and daughter at Flintridge Prep [https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/tsn-vsl-photo-gallery-memories-of-mack-robinson-by-his-wife-and-daughter-at-flintridge-prep-20170329-photogallery.html] Mack Robinson Olympic track and field star and Jackie Robinson's brother | Atlanta Braves [https://www.mlb.com/braves/news/featured/mack-robinson-olympic-track-and-field-star-and-jackie-s-brother] Mack Robinson Olympic track and field star and Jackie Robinson's brother | New York Mets [https://www.mlb.com/mets/news/featured/mack-robinson-olympic-track-and-field-star-and-jackie-s-brother] Mack Robinson - Wikipedia [https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Robinson]

53: The Streets of Progress: The Life and Inventions of Charles B. Brooks

Date: May 13, 2026 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #53. Streets of Progress: The Life and Inventions of Charles B. Brooks Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary 🎙️ Streets of Progress: The Life and Inventions of Charles B. Brooks Did you know that one of the most important inventions in urban life, the modern street sweeper, was invented by Charles B. Brooks. An African American inventor in the late 19th century? In this episode, we dive into the life and legacy of Charles B. Brooks. Exploring his innovative patents, the challenges African American inventors faced during his time, and how his inventions transformed everyday urban living. From engineering innovations to the fight for recognition in African American history, Charles B. Brooks' story sheds light on the unsung heroes of invention whose contributions still shape our world today. Whether you're passionate about Black history, fascinated by science and technology breakthroughs, or just curious about the origins of the things we take for granted, this episode will leave you inspired. #CharlesBBrooks #EngineeringHistory #BlackHistory #ForgottenInventors #STEM Highlights: 00:57- INTRO. 01:05- CHARLES B. BROOKS' BIRTH IN ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY, VA. 02:28- RELOCATES TO NEWARK, NJ. 02:35- EMPLOYED AS A PORTER AT THE PULLMAN PALACE CAR COMPANY. 04:06- FILES FOR US PATENT FOR HIS "TICKET PUNCH" INVENTION. 04:13- RECEIVES US PATENT FOR HIS "TICKET PUNCH" INVENTION. 04:48- HE IMAGES HIS "STREET SWEEPEER" INVENTION. 05:10- HE WORKS ON HIS "STREET SWEEPER" INVENTION. 05:38- FILES FOR US PATENT FOR HIS "STREET SWEEPER" INVENTION. 06:24- FILES FOR US PATENT FOR HIS "DUST-PROOF BAG" INVENTION. 06:50- SWEEPER STREETER PRODUCTION BEGINS IN SCRANTON, PA. 07:18- AWARDED A CONTRACT BY PA STATE GOVERNMENT FOR HIS STREET SWEEPER INVENTION. 07:30- BUFFALO, NY ADOPTS HIS STREET SWEEPER INVENTION. 07:52- RECEIVES US PATENT FOR HIS "STREET SWEEPER" INVENTION. 08:06- RECEIVES US PATENT FOR HIS "DUST-PROOF BAG" INVENTION. 08:59- CHARLES' HEALTH BEGINS TO FAIL. 09:22- CHARLES B. BROOKS PASSES AWAY IN NEWARK, NJ. 09:37- BURIED AT THE UNION FIELD CEMETERY IN NEWARK, NJ. 09:45- CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast. Links To Additional Resources: Charles Brooks First Patent on Self-Propelled Street Sweeper [https://www.worldsweeper.com/History/BrooksSweeper.html] Charles B. Brooks - Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_B._Brooks] Charles B. Brooks (1865-?) | BlackPast.org [https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/brooks-charles-b-1865/] Charles Brooks: African American Inventor [https://www.myblackhistory.net/Charles_Brooks.htm#google_vignette] Charles Brooks - The Black Inventor Online Museum [https://blackinventor.com/charles-brooks/] ABC7 Unite: 2 Black inventors changed the way we clean clothes and our streets - ABC7 New York [https://abc7ny.com/post/abc-7-unite-thomas-jennings-charles-b-brooks-inventors/10372629/] Charles B. Brooks Facts for Kids [https://kids.kiddle.co/Charles_B._Brooks] Charles B Brooks (1865-1908) - Find a Grave Memorial [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/187527499/charles_b-brooks] Charles B. Brooks [https://ogreena.com/blog/f/charles-b-brooks] Who Invented the Street Sweeper Truck? [https://www.thoughtco.com/charles-brooks-inventor-4077401]