Stuff You Missed in History Class

Carlo Gesualdo’s madrigals are unique and captivating. But he was seen by many as a monster in his own time due to a double murder and associations with witchcraft.  Research: * Burton-Hill, Clemency. “Gesualdo: Glorious music and grisly murder.” BBC. Oct. 21, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20130905-a-16th-century-musical-badass * Caccese, Andrea. “Carlo Gesualdo: the ‘Madman’ of the Italian Renaissance.” CMUSE. Sept. 20, 2014. https://www.cmuse.org/carlo-gesualdo-the-madman-of-the-italian-reinassance/ * “Carlo Gesuald.” Philadelphia Chamber Music Society. * DeVoto, Mark. "chromaticism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/art/chromaticism * Gray, Cecil and Philip Heseltine. “Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa, Musician and Murderer.” Greenwood Press. Westport, Connecticut. 1971. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/carlogesualdopri0000gray/page/n7/mode/1up * Haar, James. “Classicism and Mannerism in 16th-Century Music.” International Review of Music Aesthetics and Sociology, vol. 1, no. 1, 1970, pp. 55–68. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/836396 * LEVENBERG J. Was Carlo Gesualdo’s Honour Killing Liturgical? Journal of the Royal Musical Association. Published online 2024:1-32. doi:10.1017/rma.2023.4 * Ober, William B., M.D. “CARLO GESUALDO, PRINCE OF VENOSA: MURDER, MADRIGALS, AND MASOCHISM.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 1973 Jul;49(7):634-645. PMID: 4575970; PMCID: PMC1807043. * Ross, Alex. “Prince of Darkness.’ New Yorker. December 11, 2011. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/12/19/prince-of-darkness * Stevens, Denis. “Carlo Gesualdo.” The Musical Times, vol. 131, no. 1770, 1990, pp. 410–11. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/966618 * Turci-Escobar, John. “Softening the Edges: Cadential Attenuation in Gesualdo’s Six Books of Madrigals.” Theory and Practice, vol. 32, 2007, pp. 101–35. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41054417 * Watkins, Glenn. “The Gesualdo Hex.” W.W. Norton. 2010. See omnystudio.com/listener [https://omnystudio.com/listener] for privacy information.

Alger Hiss worked in high-level roles in the U.S. government during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. And then he was accused of using his access to spy for the Soviets. Research: * “Alger Hiss.” FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alger-hiss * “A Byte Out of History, the Alger Hiss Story.” FBI. Jan. 25, 2013. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/a-byte-out-of-history-the-alger-hiss-story * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alger Hiss". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alger-Hiss * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Whittaker Chambers". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Whittaker-Chambers * Chambers, Whittaker. “The Ghosts on the Roof.” Time. 5, 1948. https://time.com/archive/6784924/the-ghosts-on-the-roof/ * Mark, Eduard. “In ReAlger Hiss: A Final Verdict from the Archives of the KGB.” Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 2009, pp. 26–67. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923052 * Fox, John F. Jr. “In the Enemy’s House: Venona and the Maturation of American Counterintelligence.” FBI.gov. Oct. 27, 2005. https://www.fbi.gov/history/history-publications-reports/in-the-enemys-house-venona-and-the-maturation-of-american-counterintelligence * Hadley, David. “The Long Controversy Over Alger Hiss.” Teaching American History. Jan. 21, 2020. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/blog/the-long-controversy-over-alger-hiss/ * “KGB interviews GRU agent and net controller name ALES 30 March 1945.” https://media.defense.gov/2021/Aug/01/2002818545/-1/-1/0/30MAR_KGB_INTERVIEWS_GRU_AGENT.PDF * Rowe, Daniel, and Sarah Fagg, ed. “Alger Hiss and American Anti-communism.” New Histories. Vol. 3, Issue 5. https://newhistories.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/volumes/2011-12/volume-3/issue-5-crime-punishment/alger-hiss-and-american-anti-communism [https://newhistories.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/volumes/2011-12/volume-3/issue-5-crime-punishment/alger-hiss-and-american-anti-communism] * Sander, Gordon F. “Microfilm hidden in a pumpkin launched Richard Nixon’s career 75 years ago.” New York Times.  Dec. 2, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/12/02/pumpkin-papers-richard-nixon/ * “Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies: Alger Hiss.” NOVA. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html * “The Yalta Conference.” U.S. State Department, Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf#:~:text=At%20Yalta%2C%20Roosevelt%20and%20Churchill,of%20influence%20in%20Manchuria%20following See omnystudio.com/listener [https://omnystudio.com/listener] for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers the moment in 1789 when a group of protesters -- mostly women -- marched from Paris to Versailles to pressure King Louis XVI to address France's food shortage. See omnystudio.com/listener [https://omnystudio.com/listener] for privacy information.

Holly shares a story that appeared in a U.S. newspaper about Wawel that she was never able to substantiate. Tracy talks about wanting to cover animal trials while also not wanting to get too gory.  See omnystudio.com/listener [https://omnystudio.com/listener] for privacy information.

There are some parallels between historical witch trials and trials of non-human animals in the same period, with a lot of the same procedures as were used when human beings were charged with a crime. Research: * Sonya. “When Societies Put Animals on Trial.” JSTOR Daily. 9/13/2017. https://daily.jstor.org/when-societies-put-animals-on-trial/ * Simon, Matt. “Fantastically Wrong: Europe's Insane History of Putting Animals on Trial and Executing Them.” Wired. 9/24/2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/09/fantastically-wrong-europes-insane-history-putting-animals-trial-executing/ * MacGregor, L., (2019) “Criminalising Animals in Medieval France: Insights from Records of Executions”, Open Library of Humanities 5(1), 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.319 * Macías, Francisco. “Animals on Trial: Formal Legal Proceedings, Criminal Acts, and Torts of Animals.” 2/9/2016. Library of Congress Blogs. https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2016/02/animals-on-trial/ * Beirnes, Piers. “The Law is an Ass: Reading E.P. Evans’ ‘The Medieval Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals.’” Society and Animals. Vol. 2, No. 1. https://www.animalsandsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/beirnes.pdf * net. “Medieval Animal Trials.” 9/2013. https://www.medievalists.net/2013/09/medieval-animal-trials/ * MacGregor, Lesley Bates. “Criminalising Animals in Medieval France: Insights from Records of Executions.” Open Library of Humanities, Vol.5 (2019). https://olh.openlibhums.org/article/id/4552/ * Chambers, R. “The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in connection with the Calendar.” London & Edinburgh. W&R Chambers. Vol. 1. 1879. https://archive.org/details/b22650477_0001/ * McWilliams, James. “Beastly Justice.” Slate. 2/21/2013. https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/02/medieval-animal-trials-why-theyre-not-quite-as-crazy-as-they-sound.html * Humphrey, Nicholas. “Bugs and Beasts Before the Law.” The Public Domain Review. 3/27/2011. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/bugs-and-beasts-before-the-law/ * Lee, Alexander. “Pigs Might Try.” History Today. Vol. 70, Issue 11, November 2020. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/natural-histories/pigs-might-try * Girgen, Jen. “The Historical and Contemporary Prosecution and Punishment of Animals.” Animal Law Review at Lewis & Clark Law School. Vol. 9:97 (2003). https://www.animallaw.info/article/historical-and-contemporary-prosecution-and-punishment-animals * Friedland, Paul. “Beyond Deterrence: Cadavers, Effigies, Animals and the Logic of Executions in Premodern France.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques , Summer 2003, Vol. 29, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41299274 * Leeson, Peter T. “Vermin Trials.” The Journal of Law & Economics , Vol. 56, No. 3 (August 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671480 * Ewald, Willam. “Comparative Jurisprudence (I): What Was It like to Try a Rat?” University of Pennsylvania Law Review , Jun., 1995, Vol. 143, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3312588 * Sykes, Katie. “Human Drama, Animal Trials: What the Medieval Animal Trials Can Teach Us About Justice for Animals.” Animal Law Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, p. 273, 2011. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1999081 * Srivastava, Anila. “’Mean, dangerous, and uncontrollable beasts’: Mediaeval Animal Trials.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal , March 2007. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44030162 * Soderberg, Bailey. “Reassessing Animals and Potential Legal Personhood.” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, Winter 2022, Vol. 24, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/27201415 * Carson, Hampton L. “The Trial of Animals and Insects. A Little Known Chapter of Mediæval Jurisprudence.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , 1917, Vol. 56, No. 5. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/984029 * Hyde, Walter Woodburn. “The Prosecution and Punishment of Animals and Lifeless Things in the Middle Ages and Modern Times.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register, May, 1916, Vol. 64, No. 7. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3313677 * Evans, E.P. “The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals.” London : W. Heinemann. 1906. https://archive.org/details/criminalprosecut00evaniala/ * Andersson, Ebba. “Murderous Pigs and Ex-Communicated Rats: Edward Payson Evans’ Handbook of Animal Trials.” Retrospect Journal. 3/7/2021. https://retrospectjournal.com/2021/03/07/murderous-pigs-and-ex-communicated-rats-edward-payson-evans-handbook-of-animal-trials/ * Frank, Colin. “The pig that was not convicted of homicide, or: The first animal trial that was none.” Global Journal of Animal Law. Vol. 9. 2021. https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1736 See omnystudio.com/listener [https://omnystudio.com/listener] for privacy information.