Barbarians at the Gate

On this episode, we are thrilled to welcome Jean Hoffman Lewanda back to the podcast to discuss her new book, Shalama: My 96 Seasons in China [https://www.amazon.com/Shalama-My-96-Seasons-China/dp/988884377X], published by Earnshaw Books. Listeners may recall Jean's previous appearance, where she shared insights about her father, Paul Hoffman's memoir, Witness to History: From Vienna to Shanghai—A Memoir of Escape, Survival, and Resilience [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/from-vienna-to-shanghai-a-memoir-of-escape/id1119553188?i=1000547756266]. That captivating memoir is detailed how Paul fled Vienna at the age of 18 to escape the rise of Nazism, arrived in Shanghai in 1938, and became part of the historic wave of Jewish refugees who found a safe haven in China during World War II. Jean's new book enriches this family saga by recounting events from her mother's perspective, Shalama Froloff. The narrative is presented as historical fiction. Drawing on firsthand accounts, including her mother's, Jean tells the story in Shalama's voice, tracing the family's journey from Harbin to Shanghai during the war-torn decades of the mid-20th century. The book interweaves the family's history with major historical events, including the Sungari River flood of 1932, the Japanese occupation, and the Communist takeover of China.

In this episode, we invite Rory Truex, an associate professor at Princeton University, to discuss a recurring issue on the podcast: the plight of the US-China academic exchange and the urgent need to attract more American scholars to do research in China.  Despite the recent revival of several American academic programs in China, the post-COVID number of US students in the PRC is still woefully inadequate. Professor Truex gives an overview of some reasons for this deterioration of interest by American scholars and the challenges of doing meaningful research in the current Chinese academic environment.  We also discuss predictions about the new Trump administration’s possible effects on US-China relations, the implications for government support and funding of educational exchange programs, and the perception of Chinese and American exchange students as security risks. Rory also describes his path of development as a China scholar during the so-called "Golden Age" of the early 2000s in China, and the current difficulties of carrying out unfettered academic research in a new era of tightening restrictions. Rory Truex is Associate Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. His research focuses on Chinese politics and authoritarian systems. He regularly contributes to major publications such as The Atlantic, Washington Post, and New York Times. Mentioned on the podcast: “Where have all the American China experts gone?" [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/01/03/us-shortage-china-experts/] Washington Post, January 3, 2024

In this episode, hosts Jeremiah Jenne and David Moser speak with MIT professor Tristan Brown [https://history.mit.edu/people/tristan-brown/] about his award-winning book Laws of the Land: Feng Shui and the State in Qing Dynasty China [https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691246734/laws-of-the-land]. Brown reveals how Feng Shui was far more than just the art of furniture arrangement or grave placement - it was a sophisticated system of environmental management and social control in imperial China. Drawing from rare county archives in Sichuan province, Brown shows how Feng Shui served multiple functions: regulating urban development, managing environmental resources, and mediating social conflicts. Through fascinating examples, he explains how both elite families and common people used Feng Shui in legal disputes, from establishing ancestral claims through strategic grave placement to fighting against disruptive mining operations. Brown's book challenges common Western misconceptions about Feng Shui, presenting it instead as a complex system of environmental regulation and social organization that shaped Chinese society for centuries. It's a fascinating look at how cosmological beliefs, environmental management, and state power intersected in imperial China. TOPICS COVERED * The Power of Archives: Using rare Qing dynasty court records from Sichuan to uncover how Feng Shui shaped legal and social life * Graves and Identity: How burial sites and ancient trees established claims to belonging * Environmental Management: Feng Shui as an early system of zoning and environmental protection * Foreign Architecture: The clash between traditional Chinese urban planning and Western religious buildings NOTABLE QUOTES > "Legal cases involving feng shui could be completely nakedly self-interested... or it could be something that's really talking about environmental ethics. It hugs that whole spectrum, which is why it's real, which is why the state had to engage with it." — Tristan Brown on Feng Shui's dual nature > "It's not the number of relatives you have living there. It's the number of relatives you have in the local graveyard that ties you to a place." — On the importance of graves in establishing local identity > "The thing about gravesites... what is the element of the landscape that you can't lie about? The trees. Old trees are legitimately old. Everyone knows it." — On how families proved their ancestral claims Brown reveals how Feng Shui served as more than just spiritual practice – it was a sophisticated system of environmental management and social control. From regulating building heights to controlling industrial development, Feng Shui provided the legal framework for managing space in imperial China. The discussion illuminates how different groups engaged with these practices: elite families used them to establish ancestral claims, poor families adapted them for survival, and foreign religious groups either successfully navigated them (like Sufi Muslims) or created conflict by ignoring them (like Christian missionaries).

Last week’s election of Donald Trump to a second term as U.S. President disappointed half of the American electorate and much of the world (outside the Kremlin). To help Jeremiah and David process what’s next, they’re joined by Brendan O’Kane— writer, translator, expert in the literature of the late Ming Dynasty, and a Pennsylvania voter. Brendan explores the works of Zhang Dai (張岱 1597-1634), the Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅, and other literary examples from the twilight of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). What was it like to witness the end of an era and the collapse of an entire state? Was the Obama era an American "restoration" (中興)? What do people do when the political order is overturned and the dynasty falls? We delve into Chinese history and literature, searching for insights to ease the pain and make sense of what lies ahead. David also shares reactions from his students in Beijing on the election results—as well as rumors of a surprising (and unsettling) prank their peers in the U.S. may have pulled at campus polling stations. Brendan O'Kane on substack [https://substack.com/@burninghouse] The Southern Ming [https://www.amazon.com/Southern-Ming-1644-1662-Lynn-Struve/dp/0300030576/] by Lynn Struve, 1984 The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China [https://www.amazon.com/Great-Enterprise-Reconstruction-Imperial-Seventeenth-Century/dp/0520048040/] by Frederic Wakeman, 1986 Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in the Tiger's Jaws [https://www.amazon.com/Voices-Ming-Qing-Cataclysm-China-Tigers%60/dp/0300075537/]. Edited and translated by Lynn A. Struve, 1993

"We can overestimate and underestimate how much things changed when Xi Jinping took power, but the intensity of concern over historical narratives has definitely grown under his leadership." - Jeffrey Wasserstrom In this episode, Jeremiah and David are joined by Jeffrey Wasserstrom [https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=5310], Chancellor's Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine, and a leading expert in modern Chinese history. We discuss the legacies of the Hong Kong protests, the rise of Xi Jinping's historical narrative control, and how academic engagement with China is evolving amidst growing geopolitical tensions. Professor Wasserstrom delves into the shifts in how history is managed in China, particularly the tightening control under Xi Jinping’s regime. He elaborates on Xi’s new patriotic education law, which codifies the regime's control over historical narratives to align with national security. We also examine the challenges academics face when giving talks on sensitive topics and the growing restrictions on public discourse in Hong Kong since the imposition of the national security law. Further Reading/Links: * Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink [https://globalreports.columbia.edu/books/vigil/] * Maura Cunnigham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom, China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/china-in-the-21st-century-9780190659080?cc=ch&lang=en&] * Follow Jeffrey Wasserstrom on Twitter @jwassers [https://twitter.com/jwassers]