Lex Fridman Podcast

Debate on Iran war between Scott Horton and Mark Dubowitz. Scott Horton is the author and director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, and for the past three decades, a staunch critic of U.S. foreign policy and military interventionism. Mark Dubowitz is the chief executive of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, host of the Iran Breakdown podcast, and a leading expert on Iran and its nuclear program for over 20 years. This debate was recorded on Tuesday, June 24, after the Iran-Israel ceasefire was declared. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep473-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep473-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/iran-israel-debate-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/iran-israel-debate-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Mark’s X: https://x.com/mdubowitz [https://x.com/mdubowitz] Mark’s Podcast: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmEsAFBNkqsMQnt5pypwEX0ul0NyIjd3E [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmEsAFBNkqsMQnt5pypwEX0ul0NyIjd3E] The Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD): https://www.fdd.org/ [https://www.fdd.org/] Scott’s X: https://x.com/scotthortonshow [https://x.com/scotthortonshow] Scott’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow [https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow] Scott’s Podcast: https://www.scotthortonshow.com/ [https://www.scotthortonshow.com/] Scott’s Website: https://scotthorton.org/ [https://scotthorton.org/] Scott’s Books: https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y [https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y] The Libertarian Institute: https://libertarianinstitute.org/ [https://libertarianinstitute.org/] Antiwar.com: https://antiwar.com/ [https://antiwar.com/] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/hampton-ep473-sc] Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep473-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep473-sc] Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/oracle-ep473-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep473-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:36) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:02) – Iran-Israel War (16:45) – Iran’s Nuclear Program (48:37) – Nuclear weapons and uranium (1:00:40) – Nuclear deal (1:26:14) – Iran Nuclear Archive (1:48:50) – Best case and worst case near-term future (2:24:15) – US attack on Iran – Operation Midnight Hammer (2:47:48) – Nuclear proliferation in the future (3:08:46) – Libertarianism (3:21:35) – Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) (3:37:10) – Trump and Peacemaking process (3:42:08) – WW2 (3:55:08) – WW3

Terence Tao is widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history. He won the Fields Medal and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, and has contributed to a wide range of fields from fluid dynamics with Navier-Stokes equations to mathematical physics & quantum mechanics, prime numbers & analytics number theory, harmonic analysis, compressed sensing, random matrix theory, combinatorics, and progress on many of the hardest problems in the history of mathematics. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep472-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep472-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/terence-tao-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/terence-tao-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Terence’s Blog: https://terrytao.wordpress.com/ [https://terrytao.wordpress.com/] Terence’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TerenceTao27 [https://www.youtube.com/@TerenceTao27] Terence’s Books: https://amzn.to/43H9Aiq [https://amzn.to/43H9Aiq] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep472-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep472-sc] NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/netsuite-ep472-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep472-sc] AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep472-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:36) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:49) – First hard problem (15:16) – Navier–Stokes singularity (35:25) – Game of life (42:00) – Infinity (47:07) – Math vs Physics (53:26) – Nature of reality (1:16:08) – Theory of everything (1:22:09) – General relativity (1:25:37) – Solving difficult problems (1:29:00) – AI-assisted theorem proving (1:41:50) – Lean programming language (1:51:50) – DeepMind’s AlphaProof (1:56:45) – Human mathematicians vs AI (2:06:37) – AI winning the Fields Medal (2:13:47) – Grigori Perelman (2:26:29) – Twin Prime Conjecture (2:43:04) – Collatz conjecture (2:49:50) – P = NP (2:52:43) – Fields Medal (3:00:18) – Andrew Wiles and Fermat’s Last Theorem (3:04:15) – Productivity (3:06:54) – Advice for young people (3:15:17) – The greatest mathematician of all time PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

Sundar Pichai is CEO of Google and Alphabet. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep471-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep471-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sundar-pichai-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/sundar-pichai-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Sundar’s X: https://x.com/sundarpichai [https://x.com/sundarpichai] Sundar’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/sundarpichai [https://instagram.com/sundarpichai] Sundar’s Blog: https://blog.google/authors/sundar-pichai/ [https://blog.google/authors/sundar-pichai/] Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/ [https://gemini.google.com/] Google’s YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Google [https://www.youtube.com/@Google] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/tax_network_usa-ep471-sc] BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep471-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep471-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep471-sc] AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep471-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:55) – Growing up in India (14:04) – Advice for young people (15:46) – Styles of leadership (20:07) – Impact of AI in human history (32:17) – Veo 3 and future of video (40:01) – Scaling laws (43:46) – AGI and ASI (50:11) – P(doom) (57:02) – Toughest leadership decisions (1:08:09) – AI mode vs Google Search (1:21:00) – Google Chrome (1:36:30) – Programming (1:43:14) – Android (1:48:27) – Questions for AGI (1:53:42) – Future of humanity (1:57:04) – Demo: Google Beam (2:04:46) – Demo: Google XR Glasses (2:07:31) – Biggest invention in human history PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

James Holland is a historian specializing in World War II. He hosts a podcast called WW2 Pod: We Have Ways of Making You Talk. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep470-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep470-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/james-holland-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/james-holland-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: James’s Books: https://amzn.to/4caapmt [https://amzn.to/4caapmt] James’s X: https://x.com/James1940 [https://x.com/James1940] James’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/jamesholland1940 [https://instagram.com/jamesholland1940] James’s Substack: https://james1940.substack.com [https://james1940.substack.com] WW2 Pod (Podcast – Apple): https://apple.co/4l93Dl3 [https://apple.co/4l93Dl3] WW2 Pod (Podcast – YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/@wehaveways [https://www.youtube.com/@wehaveways] WW2 Pod (Podcast – Spotify): https://open.spotify.com/show/34VlAepHmeloDD76RX4jtc [https://open.spotify.com/show/34VlAepHmeloDD76RX4jtc] WW2 Pod (Podcast – X): https://x.com/WeHaveWaysPod [https://x.com/WeHaveWaysPod] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep470-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep470-sc] AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/ag1-ep470-sc] Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/notion-ep470-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:25) – World War II (17:23) – Lebensraum and Hitler ideology (24:36) – Operation Barbarossa (40:49) – Hitler vs Europe (1:02:35) – Joseph Goebbels (1:12:29) – Hitler before WW2 (1:17:25) – Hitler vs Chamberlain (1:39:31) – Invasion of Poland (1:44:07) – Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1:52:09) – Winston Churchill (2:16:09) – Most powerful military in WW2 (2:38:31) – Tanks (2:48:30) – Battle of Stalingrad (3:01:21) – Concentration camps (3:10:53) – Battle of Normandy (3:24:45) – Lessons from WW2 PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]

Oliver Anthony is singer-songwriter who first gained worldwide fame with his viral hit Rich Men North of Richmond. He became a voice for many who are voiceless, with many of his songs speaking to the struggle of the working class in modern American life. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep469-sc [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep469-sc] See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/oliver-anthony-transcript [https://lexfridman.com/oliver-anthony-transcript] CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey [https://lexfridman.com/survey] AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama [https://lexfridman.com/ama] Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring [https://lexfridman.com/hiring] Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact [https://lexfridman.com/contact] EPISODE LINKS: Oliver’s X: https://x.com/AintGottaDollar [https://x.com/AintGottaDollar] Oliver’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/oliver_anthony_music_ [https://instagram.com/oliver_anthony_music_] Oliver’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@oliveranthonymusic [https://youtube.com/@oliveranthonymusic] Oliver’s TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@oliveranthonymusic [https://tiktok.com/@oliveranthonymusic] Oliver’s Website: https://oliveranthonymusic.com/ [https://oliveranthonymusic.com/] Oliver’s FaceBook: https://facebook.com/OliverAnthonyMusicOfficial/ [https://facebook.com/OliverAnthonyMusicOfficial/] Oliver’s Linktree: https://linktr.ee/oliveranthonymusic [https://linktr.ee/oliveranthonymusic] SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod [https://lexfridman.com/s/masterclass-ep469-sc] Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep469-sc] Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/oracle-ep469-sc] Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/tax_network_usa-ep469-sc] LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex [https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep469-sc] OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (09:00) – Open mics (13:03) – Mainstream country music (22:10) – Fame (28:06) – Music vs politics (36:56) – Rich Men North of Richmond (47:06) – Popularity, money, and integrity (1:01:54) – Blue-collar people (1:13:57) – Depression (1:38:50) – Nature (2:01:26) – Three-legged cat (2:09:57) – I Want to Go Home (live performance) (2:13:36) – Guitar backstory (2:17:58) – Playing live this year PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast [https://lexfridman.com/podcast] – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr] – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8] – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/] – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4] – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]