The best-case scenario for AI companions
The social distancing, mask-wearing, and spike in screen time during COVID prompted fears [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/08/the-grounds-been-ripped-from-under-them-mental-health-fears-for-the-children-of-the-pandemic] of a social and emotional recession for children and adolescents, who today say [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/20/learning/teenagers-on-how-covid-has-changed-them.html] they missed out on the formative milestones that build social skills and emotional resilience.
In the years since, Pew surveys [https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/12/12/teens-social-media-and-technology-2024/] have consistently found that nearly half of U.S. teens report being online “almost constantly.” Mental health diagnoses have outpaced [https://www.counseling.org/publications/counseling-today-magazine/article-archive/article/legacy/a-closer-look-at-the-mental-health-provider-shortage#:~:text=Increased%20need%20for%20services%20and,receive%20the%20care%20they%20need.] the growth of service providers. And rates of loneliness and isolation [https://aibm.org/research/male-loneliness-and-isolation-what-the-data-shows/] have increased, especially for young people. More than a third of men say [https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/reports/loneliness-in-america-2024] they do not feel meaningfully part of any group or community. When asked [https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/reports/loneliness-in-america-2024] who or what they think contributes to loneliness in America, technology tops the list.
Into that context comes a new kind of relationship: AI companions designed to provide emotionally-tailored support and simulate reciprocal relationships. According to a new report [https://aibm.org/commentary/synthetic-companions-real-risks-why-ai-painkillers-for-loneliness-need-evidence-before-scale/] we commissioned from behavioralist Dr Rupert Gill [https://substack.com/profile/344198845-dr-rupert-gill]:
* Roughly three in four U.S. teens have used an AI companion
* About half are now regular users
* One in five say they spend as much or more time with AI companions as with human friends
* Among top AI apps [https://aibm.org/commentary/synthetic-companions-real-risks-why-ai-painkillers-for-loneliness-need-evidence-before-scale/], a notable share are AI companions, not productivity apps
Our new report explains what that shift means for boys and young men in particular, at a moment when friendship networks are thinning [https://aibm.org/research/male-loneliness-and-isolation-what-the-data-shows/], loneliness is widespread [https://news.gallup.com/poll/690788/younger-men-among-loneliest-west.aspx] and in-person emotional support is stretched [https://www.apa.org/monitor/2025/04-05/teen-social-emotional-support]. AI companions function less like digital assistants and more like digital painkillers, capable of providing relief from loneliness, but also of producing dependence and delaying the development of coping skills.
I hope you enjoy this edited version of our Substack Live conversation in which we discuss:
* The similarities between the emotional tactics of AI companions and romance scammers
* The promise of AI companions to build up our social skills, confidence, and self-awareness
* The risk of AI companions displacing our human relationships and financially exploiting our emotional vulnerability
* The current market incentives — and a possible regulatory framework [https://www.menonline.org/p/an-fda-for-high-risk-apps] — to incentivize the design of AI companions for emotional wellbeing rather than dependency and displacement.
I encourage you to read Rupert’s full commentary [https://aibm.org/commentary/synthetic-companions-real-risks-why-ai-painkillers-for-loneliness-need-evidence-before-scale/] on the AIBM website and the extended report [https://aibm.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Companions-FINAL.pdf] for further analysis of the evidence gaps to fill.
Thanks to Jim Geschke [https://substack.com/profile/43837112-jim-geschke], Hunter [https://substack.com/profile/301253351-hunter], Matthew Allaire [https://substack.com/profile/127088532-matthew-allaire], and many others for tuning in live. As a reminder, you can subscribe to our podcast feed on Spotify [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/boys-men-online/id1859443027], Apple Podcasts [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/boys-men-online/id1859443027], or wherever you feed your queue.
This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.menonline.org [https://www.menonline.org?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_1]